 5  

 26  

   ।⠢   i486  䠢⭮ 浪.    ਢ    ࠧ  ࠭,  ᮧ ꥪ , ॡ㥬 ࠭, ६ 믮  ᠭ.   ᮮ⢥ ᠭ  ࠡ  ⪨  㥬  ᪫祭.

26.1 ਡ ࠧ ࠭  ࠧ 

 믮   i486  ᮢ , ᯮ  ⮣  16-ࠧ來,  32-ࠧ來 . ⥫쭮,  ,  ,  ᮮ⢥⢥ ਡ ࠧ , ࠢ 16  32 ⠬. ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 ᮢ ࠧ㬥 ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭     16-ࠧ來  ᬥ饭 (ᮢ ⭮⥫쭮 砫 ᥣ)  १ ᫥ ᯮ⥫쭮 . 32-ࠧ來  ࠧ㬥 ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭     32-ࠧ來  ᬥ饭.  ࠧ, , 믮   ᫮ (16 ⮢)    ᫮ (32 )  ਡ ࠧ ࠭, ࠢ 16  32 ⠬, ᮮ⢥⢥.

26.1.1 ਡ  ᥣ  㬮砭

 ணࠬ, ࠡ  饭 ०,  D  ਯ 믮塞 ᥣ⮢  ਡ  㬮砭   ࠧ , ⠪   ࠧ ࠭.  ਡ  㬮砭 ਬ  믮    ᥣ. 饭  D  ࠧ   ࠧ ࠭  㬮砭, ࠢ 16 ⠬,  ⠭  D - ࠢ 32 ⠬.
ணࠬ, ࠡ騥  ॠ쭮 ०   㠫쭮 ० 8086,  16-ࠧ來   ࠭  㬮砭.

26.1.2 䨪 ࠧ ࠭  ࠧ  

७ ஢     ᥡ  䨪    : 䨪 ࠧ , 67H,  䨪 ࠧ ࠭, 66H. ( ᫥饬 ࠧ, "ଠ ",    䨪ᮢ  ஢ ).  䨪 ८। ਡ ᥣ  㬮砭  ।⢥ ᫥饩   .   26-1  ⢨   樨 㬮砭  ८।.
 26-1. 騥 ਡ ࠧ

-----------------------------------------------------------------
砭  ᥣ D = ...  | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
䨪 ࠧ ࠭ 66H    | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
䨪 ࠧ    67H    | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
 ᯮ⥫쭮 ࠭ |16 |16 |32 |32 |32 |32 |16 |16 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
 ᯮ⥫쭮    |16 |32 |16 |32 |32 |16 |32 |16 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------

Y ,  䨪   N ,  䨪   

26.1.3 ਡ ࠧ   ⥪

,  ᯮ騥 ⥪ (ਬ, POP EAX) ⠪  ਡ ࠧ  ⥪, ࠢ 16  32 ⠬.   ਡ⮬ ࠧ  ⥪, ࠢ 16 ⠬, ᯮ 16-ࠧ來 ॣ 㪠⥫ ⥪ SP,    ਡ⮬ ࠧ  ⥪, ࠢ 32 ⠬, ᯮ 32-ࠧ來 ॣ ESP, 騩 ନ஢  設 ⥪.
ਡ ࠧ  ⥪ ࠢ ⮬ B ਯ ᥣ   ॣ SS. 㫥 祭  B 롨ࠥ ਡ ࠧ  ⥪, ࠢ 16 ⠬; 祭  롨ࠥ ਡ ࠧ  ⥪, ࠢ 32.

26.2 ଠ 

 ਠ ஢  ।⠢ ᮡ ⢠ 饣 ଠ ,   㭪 26-1.  ⮨  樮 䨪ᮢ ,    ⮢ ᭮  樨,  ⥫ , 饣   ModR/M   SIB (Scale Index Base,  ⠡ 樥  ), ᬥ饭, ᫨  室,  ।⢥  , ᫨  室.

------------------------------------------------------------------
    䨪     |    䨪     |     䨪    |८।
         | ࠧ  |ࠧ ࠭|    ᥣ
------------------------------------------------------------------
    0  1     |   0  1      |     0  1    |   0  1
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
                   ᫮ ⮢
------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------
        |  MODR/M  |   SIB    |  饭   | ।⢥
 樨  |          |          |             |    ࠭
------------------------------------------------------------------
  1  2  |  0  1 |  0  1 | 0,1,2  4     0,1,2  4
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
                   ᫮ ⮢
------------------------------------------------------------------

㭮 26-1. ଠ   i486

訥  ஢   ।  ᭮  樨   樨.   । ࠢ ࠡ , ࠧ ᬥ饭, ஢ ॣ஢  ७ ;   ஢   ᨬ   樨.
設⢮ ,     ࠭  ,    樨, ᫥騩 ᫥  (⮢) ᭮  樨.  , 뢠 ModR/M ,  ᯮ㥬  .  ஢  ModR /M 㪠뢠  ன  樨, SIB (⠡ 樥  ),  ᫥  ⮬ ModR/M  室   ।  樨.
  樨   稭 ᬥ饭, ।⢥ ᫥  ⠬ ModR/M  SIB.  稨 ᬥ饭    8, 16  32 .
᫨    ।⢥ ࠭,   ᥣ ᫥  ⠬ ᬥ饭. ।⢥ ࠭, ᫨  , ᥣ  ᫥  .
 ਢ ⨬  䨪ᮢ :
F3H 䨪 REP (ᯮ ⮫쪮  ப묨 )
F3H 䨪 REPE/REPZ (ᯮ ⮫쪮  ப묨 ).
F2H 䨪 REPNE/REPNZ (ᯮ ⮫쪮  ப묨 ).
F0H 䨪 LOCK
 ਢ 䨪 ८। ᥣ⮢:
2EH 䨪 ८। ᥣ CS
36H 䨪 ८। ᥣ SS
3EH 䨪 ८। ᥣ DS
26H 䨪 ८। ᥣ ES
64H 䨪 ८। ᥣ FS
65H 䨪 ८। ᥣ GS
66H ८। ࠧ ࠭
67H ८। ࠧ 

26.2.1  ModR/M  SIB

 ModR/M  SIB ᫥  ⮬ (⠬)  樨     i486.   ᫥ ଠ:
-  樨   ॣ, ᯮ㥬  .
- ᯮ㥬 ॣ  ⥫쭠 ଠ  롮 .
- ଠ  ,   ⠡ 樥.
 ModR/M ᮤন  ଠ樮 :
-  mod, ஥      ,   樨   r/m ࠧ 32  祭: ᥬ ॣ஢  24 ० 樨.
-  reg, 饥 ᫥騥   ᫥  mod,    ॣ,  ᫥騥   ଠ樨   樨.   reg ।  ⮬ ( 樨) .
-  r/m, 饥  訥   ,    ॣ  ⢥ ⮯ ࠭,    樨   mod ନ஢  ஢ ० 樨,  뫮 ᠭ .
 32-ࠧ來 樨 ⨯ -  ⠡- ॡ   SIB. 稥  SIB । । ஢  ModR/M.  SIB  ⮬ 砥 ᮤন ᫥騥 :
-  ss, 饥     ,  ⠡ 樥.
-   (index), 饥 ᫥騥   ᫥  ss,   ᭮ ॣ.
-   (base), 饥     ,    ॣ.
ଠ ⮢ ModR/M  SIB   㭪 26-2.
祭  ᮮ⢥騥  樨  ⮢ ModR/M  SIB   ⠡ 26-2, 26-3  26-4. 16-ࠧ來  樨,  ⮬ ModR/M,    26-2. 32 -ࠧ來  樨,  ⮬ ModR/M,    26-3.   26-4  32-ࠧ來  樨,  ⮬ SIB.
 MODR/M

      7   6   5       4      3  2    1   0
     --------------------------------------
     | MOD  | REG/ 樨|   R/M     |
     --------------------------------------

          SIB (⠡ 樥,
                   , )

      7    6    5    4    3    2    1    0
     --------------------------------------
     |  SS   |        |         |
     --------------------------------------

㭮 26-2. ଠ ⮢ ModR/M  SIB

 26-2.  16-ࠧ來 樨   ModR/M

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|r8(/r)                   | AL | CL | DL | BL | AH | CH | DH | BH |
|r16(/r)                  | AX | CX | DX | BX | SP | BP | SI | DI |
|r32(/r)                  |EAX |ECX |EDX |EBX |ESP |EBP |ESI |EDI |
|/ ( 樨)    | 0  | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  |
|REG                      |000 |001 |010 |011 |100 |101 |110 |111 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| ᯮ⥫ | ModR/M |     ⭠ 祭        |
|           |        |             ModR/M                    |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [BX+SI]        |    000 | 00 | 08 | 10 | 18 | 20 | 28 | 30 | 38 |
| [BX+DI]        |    001 | 01 | 09 | 11 | 19 | 21 | 29 | 31 | 39 |
| [BP+SI]        |    010 | 02 | 0A | 12 | 1A | 22 | 2A | 32 | 3A |
| [BP+DI]        |    011 | 03 | 0B | 13 | 1B | 23 | 2B | 33 | 3B |
| [SI]           | 00 100 | 04 | 0C | 14 | 1C | 24 | 2C | 34 | 3C |
| [DI]           |    101 | 05 | 0D | 15 | 1D | 25 | 2D | 35 | 3D |
| ᬥ16         |    110 | 06 | 0E | 16 | 1E | 26 | 2E | 36 | 3E |
| [BX]           |    111 | 07 | 0F | 17 | 1F | 27 | 2F | 37 | 3F |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [BX+SI]+ᬥ8  |    000 | 40 | 48 | 50 | 58 | 60 | 68 | 70 | 78 |
| [BX+DI]+ᬥ8  |    001 | 41 | 49 | 51 | 59 | 61 | 69 | 71 | 79 |
| [BP+SI]+ᬥ8  |    010 | 42 | 4A | 52 | 5A | 62 | 6A | 72 | 7A |
| [BP+DI]+ᬥ8  |    011 | 43 | 4B | 53 | 5B | 63 | 6B | 73 | 7B |
| [SI]+ᬥ8     | 01 100 | 44 | 4C | 54 | 5C | 64 | 6C | 74 | 7C |
| [DI]+ᬥ8     |    101 | 45 | 4D | 55 | 5D | 65 | 6D | 75 | 7D |
| [BP]+ᬥ8     |    110 | 46 | 4E | 56 | 5E | 66 | 6E | 76 | 7E |
| [BX]+ᬥ8     |    111 | 47 | 4F | 57 | 5F | 67 | 6F | 77 | 7F |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [BX+SI]+ᬥ16 |    000 | 80 | 88 | 90 | 98 | A0 | A8 | B0 | B8 |
| [BX+DI]+ᬥ16 |    001 | 81 | 89 | 91 | 99 | A1 | A9 | B1 | B9 |
| [BP+SI]+ᬥ16 |    010 | 82 | 8A | 92 | 9A | A2 | AA | B2 | BA |
| [BP+DI]+ᬥ16 |    011 | 83 | 8B | 93 | 9B | A3 | AB | B3 | BB |
| [SI]+ᬥ16    | 10 100 | 84 | 8C | 94 | 9C | A4 | AC | B4 | BC |
| [DI]+ᬥ16    |    101 | 85 | 8D | 95 | 9D | A5 | AD | B5 | BD |
| [BP]+ᬥ16    |    110 | 86 | 8E | 96 | 9E | A6 | AE | B6 | BE |
| [BX]+ᬥ16    |    111 | 87 | 8F | 97 | 9F | A7 | AF | 77 | BF |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| EAX/AX/AL      |    000 | C0 | C8 | D0 | D8 | E0 | E8 | F0 | F8 |
| ECX/CX/CL      |    001 | C1 | C9 | D1 | D9 | E1 | E9 | F1 | F9 |
| EDX/DX/DL      |    010 | C2 | CA | D2 | DA | E2 | EA | F2 | FA |
| EBX/BX/BL      |    011 | C3 | CB | D3 | DB | E3 | EB | F3 | FB |
| ESP/SP/AH      | 11 100 | C4 | CC | D4 | DC | E4 | EC | F4 | FC |
| EBP/BP/CH      |    101 | C5 | CD | D5 | DD | E5 | ED | F5 | FD |
| ESI/SI/DH      |    110 | C6 | CE | D6 | DE | E6 | EE | F6 | FE |
| EDI/DI/BH      |    111 | C7 | CF | D7 | DF | E7 | EF | F7 | FF |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

: ᬥ8 砥,  8-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭, ᫥饥  ⮬ ModR/M,   ७    ਡ  . ᬥ16 砥,  16-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭, ᫥饥  ⮬ ModR/M,   ਡ  .  ॣ஬  㬮砭  ᯮ⥫쭮 , ᮤঠ饣  BP,  SS,    ᯮ⥫ ᮢ - DS.
 26-3.  32-⮢ 樨   ModR/M

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|r8(/r)                   | AL | CL | DL | BL | AH | CH | DH | BH |
|r16(/r)                  | AX | CX | DX | BX | SP | BP | SI | DI |
|r32(/r)                  |EAX |ECX |EDX |EBX |ESP |EBP |ESI |EDI |
|/ ( 樨)    | 0  | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  |
|REG                      |000 |001 |010 |011 |100 |101 |110 |111 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| ᯮ⥫ | ModR/M |     ⭠ 祭        |
|           |        |             ModR/M                    |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [EAX]          |    000 | 00 | 08 | 10 | 18 | 20 | 28 | 30 | 38 |
| [ECX]          |    001 | 01 | 09 | 11 | 19 | 21 | 29 | 31 | 39 |
| [EDX]          |    010 | 02 | 0A | 12 | 1A | 22 | 2A | 32 | 3A |
| [EBX]          |    011 | 03 | 0B | 13 | 1B | 23 | 2B | 33 | 3B |
| [--][--]       | 00 100 | 04 | 0C | 14 | 1C | 24 | 2C | 34 | 3C |
| ᬥ32         |    101 | 05 | 0D | 15 | 1D | 25 | 2D | 35 | 3D |
| [ESI]          |    110 | 06 | 0E | 16 | 1E | 26 | 2E | 36 | 3E |
| [EDI]          |    111 | 07 | 0F | 17 | 1F | 27 | 2F | 37 | 3F |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| ᬥ8[EAX]     |    000 | 40 | 48 | 50 | 58 | 60 | 68 | 70 | 78 |
| ᬥ8[ECX]     |    001 | 41 | 49 | 51 | 59 | 61 | 69 | 71 | 79 |
| ᬥ8[EDX]     |    010 | 42 | 4A | 52 | 5A | 62 | 6A | 72 | 7A |
| ᬥ8[EBX]     |    011 | 43 | 4B | 53 | 5B | 63 | 6B | 73 | 7B |
| ᬥ8[--][--]  | 01 100 | 44 | 4C | 54 | 5C | 64 | 6C | 74 | 7C |
| ᬥ8[ebp]     |    101 | 45 | 4D | 55 | 5D | 65 | 6D | 75 | 7D |
| ᬥ8[ESI]     |    110 | 46 | 4E | 56 | 5E | 66 | 6E | 76 | 7E |
| ᬥ8[EDI]     |    111 | 47 | 4F | 57 | 5F | 67 | 6F | 77 | 7F |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| ᬥ32[EAX]    |    000 | 80 | 88 | 90 | 98 | A0 | A8 | B0 | B8 |
| ᬥ32[ECX]    |    001 | 81 | 89 | 91 | 99 | A1 | A9 | B1 | B9 |
| ᬥ32[EDX]    |    010 | 82 | 8A | 92 | 9A | A2 | AA | B2 | BA |
| ᬥ32[EBX]    |    011 | 83 | 8B | 93 | 9B | A3 | AB | B3 | BB |
| ᬥ32[--][--] | 10 100 | 84 | 8C | 94 | 9C | A4 | AC | B4 | BC |
| ᬥ32[EBP]    |    101 | 85 | 8D | 95 | 9D | A5 | AD | B5 | BD |
| ᬥ32[ESI]    |    110 | 86 | 8E | 96 | 9E | A6 | AE | B6 | BE |
| ᬥ32[EDI]    |    111 | 87 | 8F | 97 | 9F | A7 | AF | 77 | BF |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| EAX/AX/AL      |    000 | C0 | C8 | D0 | D8 | E0 | E8 | F0 | F8 |
| ECX/CX/CL      |    001 | C1 | C9 | D1 | D9 | E1 | E9 | F1 | F9 |
| EDX/DX/DL      |    010 | C2 | CA | D2 | DA | E2 | EA | F2 | FA |
| EBX/BX/BL      |    011 | C3 | CB | D3 | DB | E3 | EB | F3 | FB |
| ESP/SP/AH      | 11 100 | C4 | CC | D4 | DC | E4 | EC | F4 | FC |
| EBP/BP/CH      |    101 | C5 | CD | D5 | DD | E5 | ED | F5 | FD |
| ESI/SI/DH      |    110 | C6 | CE | D6 | DE | E6 | EE | F6 | FE |
| EDI/DI/BH      |    111 | C7 | CF | D7 | DF | E7 | EF | F7 | FF |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

: [--][--] 砥,   ⮬ ModR/M ᫥  SIB. ᬥ8 砥,  8-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭, ᫥饥  ⮬ ModR/M,   ७    ਡ  . ᬥ32 砥,  32-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭, ᫥饥  ⮬ ModR/M,   ਡ  .

 26-4.  32-⮢ 樨   SIB

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|r32                      |EAX |ECX |EDX |EBX |ESP |EBP |ESI |EDI |
|                     | 0  | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  |
|                     |000 |001 |010 |011 |100 |101 |110 |111 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
|⠡஢|  |     ⭠ 祭        |
|          |   SS   |             ModR/M                    |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [EAX]          |    000 | 00 | 08 | 10 | 18 | 20 | 28 | 30 | 38 |
| [ECX]          |    001 | 01 | 09 | 11 | 19 | 21 | 29 | 31 | 39 |
| [EDX]          |    010 | 02 | 0A | 12 | 1A | 22 | 2A | 32 | 3A |
| [EBX]          |    011 | 03 | 0B | 13 | 1B | 23 | 2B | 33 | 3B |
|     | 00 100 | 04 | 0C | 14 | 1C | 24 | 2C | 34 | 3C |
| [EBP]          |    101 | 05 | 0D | 15 | 1D | 25 | 2D | 35 | 3D |
| [ESI]          |    110 | 06 | 0E | 16 | 1E | 26 | 2E | 36 | 3E |
| [EDI]          |    111 | 07 | 0F | 17 | 1F | 27 | 2F | 37 | 3F |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [EAX*2]        |    000 | 40 | 48 | 50 | 58 | 60 | 68 | 70 | 78 |
| [ECX*2]        |    001 | 41 | 49 | 51 | 59 | 61 | 69 | 71 | 79 |
| [EDX*2]        |    010 | 42 | 4A | 52 | 5A | 62 | 6A | 72 | 7A |
| [EBX*2]        |    011 | 43 | 4B | 53 | 5B | 63 | 6B | 73 | 7B |
|     | 01 100 | 44 | 4C | 54 | 5C | 64 | 6C | 74 | 7C |
| [EBP*2]        |    101 | 45 | 4D | 55 | 5D | 65 | 6D | 75 | 7D |
| [ESI*2]        |    110 | 46 | 4E | 56 | 5E | 66 | 6E | 76 | 7E |
| [EDI*2]        |    111 | 47 | 4F | 57 | 5F | 67 | 6F | 77 | 7F |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [EAX*4]        |    000 | 80 | 88 | 90 | 98 | A0 | A8 | B0 | B8 |
| [ECX*4]        |    001 | 81 | 89 | 91 | 99 | A1 | A9 | B1 | B9 |
| [EDX*4]        |    010 | 82 | 8A | 92 | 9A | A2 | AA | B2 | BA |
| [EBX*4]        |    011 | 83 | 8B | 93 | 9B | A3 | AB | B3 | BB |
|     | 10 100 | 84 | 8C | 94 | 9C | A4 | AC | B4 | BC |
| [EBP*4]        |    101 | 85 | 8D | 95 | 9D | A5 | AD | B5 | BD |
| [ESI*4]        |    110 | 86 | 8E | 96 | 9E | A6 | AE | B6 | BE |
| [EDI*4]        |    111 | 87 | 8F | 97 | 9F | A7 | AF | 77 | BF |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [EAX*8]        |    000 | C0 | C8 | D0 | D8 | E0 | E8 | F0 | F8 |
| [ECX*8]        |    001 | C1 | C9 | D1 | D9 | E1 | E9 | F1 | F9 |
| [EDX*8]        |    010 | C2 | CA | D2 | DA | E2 | EA | F2 | FA |
| [EBX*8]        |    011 | C3 | CB | D3 | DB | E3 | EB | F3 | FB |
|     | 11 100 | C4 | CC | D4 | DC | E4 | EC | F4 | FC |
| [EBP*8]        |    101 | C5 | CD | D5 | DD | E5 | ED | F5 | FD |
| [ESI*8]        |    110 | C6 | CE | D6 | DE | E6 | EE | F6 | FE |
| [EDI*8]        |    111 | C7 | CF | D7 | DF | E7 | EF | F7 | FF |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

: [*] 砥 ᬥ32  , ᫨ MOD ࠢ 00,  [ESP]  ⨢ 砥.  ᯥ稢 ᫥騥 ० 樨: ᬥ32[] (MOD = 00) ᬥ8[EBP][] (MOD = 01) ᬥ32[EBP][] (MOD = 10)

26.2.2   ᠭ  

 ਢ ਬ ଠ, ᯮ㥬  ᠭ    i486   :
CMC -  䫠 ७

-----------------------------------------------------------------
|         ᫮      ᠭ                         |
|樨           ⠪⮢                                    |
|                   横                                      |
| F5       CMC         2        䫠 ७        |
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 ਢ ⠡楩 ᫥ ࠣ "", "ᠭ", "塞 䫠", "᪫祭 饭 ०", "᪫祭 ० ॠ ᮢ"   "ਬ砭".  ᫥ ࠧ ᠭ ᫮ 祭  ॢ, ᯮ㥬   ࠣ ᠭ .

26.2.2.1   樨

 " 樨" ਢ  ꥪ , 㥬    .   ,  ਢ  ⭠筮 ⮢ ,  ᫥⥫쭮  ᯮ  . । ⮢,  ⭠ ⮢, ᫥騥:
/ (  0  7) 㪠뢠  ,   ModR/M  ᯮ ⮫쪮 ࠭ r/m (ॣ  ).  reg ᮤন , ।⠢ ᮡ ७  樨 .
/r: 㪠뢠  ,   ModR/M  ᮤন  ࠭ ॣ,  ࠭ r/m.
cb, cw, cd, cp: 1-⮢ (cb), 2-⮢ (cw), 4-⮢ (cd)  6-⮢ (cp) 祭, ᫥饥   樨, ᯮ㥬   ᬥ饭   ,  祭 ॣ  ᥣ.
ib, iw, id: 1-⮢ (ib), 2-⮢ (iw)  4-⮢ (id) ।⢥ ࠭ , ᫥騩   樨, ⠬ ModR/M  SIB.  樨 ।,    ࠭ 祭  .  ᫮   ᫮ ।⠢ ⠪ ࠧ,   ᫥ 訩 .
+rb, +rw, +rd:  ॣ,  0  7, ᪫뢠  ⭠ ⮬, 室騬 ᫥   , ࠧ    樨. :
rb rw rd AL = 0 AX = 0 EAX = 0 CL = 1 CX = 1 ECX = 1 DL = 2 DX = 2 EDX = 2 BL = 3 BX = 3 EBX = 3
rb rw rd AH = 4 SP = 4 ESP = 4 CH = 5 BP = 5 EBP = 5 DH = 6 SI = 6 ESI = 6 BH = 7 DI = 7 EDI = 7
+i: ᯮ    饩 窮,    ࠭ -  ST(i)  ⥪ ॣ஢  権  饩 窮  (FPU). ᫮ i (஥      0  7) ᪫뢠  ⭠ ⮬, 室騬 ᫥   , ࠧ    樨:

26.2.2.2  ""

 ""  ᨭ⠪    ⮬ ,  ஬   뢠  ணࠬ  ASM386.  ਢ ᯨ᮪ ᨬ᪨ , ᯮ㥬  ।⠢ ࠭   :
rel8: ⭮⥫    128 ⮢  128 ⮢     127 ⮢ ᫥  .
rel16, rel32: ⭮⥫   । ⮣   ᥣ,   ᥬ㥬 . rel16 ਬ    ਡ⮬ ࠧ ࠭, ࠢ 16 ⠬; rel32 ਬ    ਡ⮬ ࠧ ࠭, ࠢ 32 ⠬.
ptr16:16,ptr16:32: 쭨 㪠⥫, 筮 ⠭   ᥣ, ⫨  ᥣ ⥪饩 .  16: 16 㪠뢠  ,  祭 㪠⥫ ⮨   ⥩. 祭 ᫥    16-⮢ ᥫ  祭, ।祭  ॣ  ᥣ. 祭 ࠢ   ᮮ⢥ ᬥ饭  । ᥣ 祭. ptr16:16 ᯮ,  ਡ ࠧ ࠭  ࠢ 16 ⠬; ptr16:32 ᯮ  砥 32-⮢ ਡ.
r8:   ⮢ ॣ஢: AL,CL,DL,BL,AH,CH,DH  BH.
r16:   ॣ஢ ࠧ஬  ᫮: AX,CX,DX,BX,SP,BP,SI  DI.
r32:   ॣ஢ ࠧ஬   ᫮: EAX,ECX,EDX, EBX,ESP,EBP,ESI  EDI.
imm8: ।⢥ 祭 . imm8  ᫮      -127  +127, ⥫쭮.  ,   imm8   ࠭ ࠧ஬  ᫮   ᫮, ।⢥ 祭   , ࠧ ᫮   ᫮. 訩  ᫮  ᠬ 訬 ⮬ ।⢥ 祭.
imm16: ।⢥ 祭 ࠧ஬  ᫮, ᯮ㥬  , ਡ ࠧ ࠭  ࠢ 16 ⠬.  ᫮    -32768  +32767, ⥫쭮.
imm32: ।⢥ 祭 ࠧ஬   ᫮, ᯮ㥬  , ਡ ࠧ ࠭  ࠢ 32 ⠬.  ᫮    +2147483647  -2147483648, ⥫쭮.
r/m8: ⮢ ࠭, ।⠢騩 ᮡ  ᮤন ⮢ ॣ (AL, BL, CL, DL, AH, BH, CH, DH),  ᮤন   .
r/m16: ࠭ ॣ-᫮  ࠭ , ᯮ㥬  , ਡ ࠧ ࠭  ࠢ 16 ⠬. -᫮  AX, BX, CX, DX, SP, BP, SI, DI. ন  室  , 砥  ᫥ ᯮ⥫쭮 .
r/m32: ࠭ ॣ- ᫮  ࠭ , ᯮ㥬  , ਡ ࠧ ࠭  ࠢ 32 ⠬. -᫮  EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, ESP, EBP, ESI, EDI. ন  室  , 砥  ᫥ ᯮ⥫쭮 .
m8:  , 㥬 DS:SI  ES:DI (ᯮ ⮫쪮 ப묨 ).
m16: ᫮ , 㥬 DS:SI  ES:DI (ᯮ ⮫쪮 ப묨 ).
m32:  ᫮ , 㥬 DS:SI  ES:DI (ᯮ ⮫쪮 ப묨 ).
m16:16, m16:32: ࠭ , ᮤঠ騩 쭨 㪠⥫, ⠢   ᥫ. ᫮ ᫥   ᮮ⢥ ᥫ ᥣ 㪠⥫. ᫮ ࠢ   ᮮ⢥  ᬥ饭.
m16&32, m16&16, m32&32: ࠭ , 騩   ⮢ , ࠧ  祭 ᫥  ࠢ  ᨬ ᠭ (&).  ० 樨  ࠧ襭, ࠭ m16&16  m32&32 ᯮ  BOUND  祭 ࠭, ᮤঠ饣    ࠭  ᮢ ᨢ. m16&32 ᯮ  LIDT  LGDT  祭 ᫮,  㦠  ࠭,   ᫮,  㦠   ᮮ⢥ ॣ஢ ⠡ ਯ஢ - 쭮  뢠.
moffs8, moffs16, moffs32: (ᬥ饭  ) -  ६  ⨯ BYTE, WORD  DWORD, ᯮ㥬 묨 ਠ⠬  MOV. ᪨    ᬥ饭 ⭮⥫쭮  ᥣ.    ModR/ M  ᯮ. ᫮, 㪠  moffs, 砥 ࠧ, ।塞 ਡ ࠧ  .
Sreg: ᥣ ॣ. 祭 ⮢ ᥣ ॣ஢: ES=0, CS=1, SS=2, DS=3, FS=4  GS=5.
m32real, m64real, m80real: (ᮮ⢥⢥) - ࠭  - ⢨⥫ ᫠  饩 窮 ୮,   ७ 筮.
m16int, m32int, m64int: (ᮮ⢥⢥) - ࠭  - 楫᫥ ⨯ word, short  long  饩 窮.
mNbyte: N-⮢ ࠭   饩 窮.
ST  ST(0): 訩  ⥪ ॣ஢ FPU.
ST(i): i-   設 ⥪ ॣ஢ FPU (i =0...7).

26.2.2.3  "᫮ ⠪⮢ 横"

 "᫮ ⠪⮢ 横"  ਬ୮ ᫮ ⠪⮢ 横,  ஥ 믮 . ᫥ ⠪⮢ 横 ந 室  ᫥ ।:
-  㯥     ந室 - (宦 ᪮  ).
-   室 室  .
-  横 㫨஢      ᯮ짮 .
- ࠭  ࠭ 室 ᮢ  TLB.
- ࠭  ࠢ.
- ᫥ ᯮ⥫쭮  ᯮ   ॣ    ᭮ ॣ,   ॣ   ॣ஬ 祭 ।饩 .
- 饭  ।⢥ 祭  ᯮ ६.
-  ६ 믮  ந室 ᪫祭.
- প     .
㦤  த⢨  ,   ᫮  믮, 室  ਫ E.
 ᯥ䨪  ⠪⮢ 横 ᯮ ᫥騥 ᨬ᪨ :
- n ।⠢ ᫮ ७.
- m ।⠢ ᫮ ⮢ ᫥饩 믮塞 ,   ᬥ饭 楫 (᫨  ) ⠥   ,  ।⢥    (᫨  )    ,   㣮    䨪() ⠪    .
- pm= ।⠢ ᮡ 稪 ⠪⮢ 横, ࠡ騩,   믮  饭 ०. pm=  ,  ᫮ 横   饭 ०  ० ॠ ᮢ.
  ६ 믮   ᪫祭,  ࠡ稪 ⮣ ᪫祭 室  㣮 , ६ 믮  㢥稢  ᫮ ⠪⮢ 横, ॡ㥬  ४祭 .  ࠬ   ᪮쪨 䠪஢:
-  TSS, ᯮ㥬  ।⠢   (TSS 業ࠫ쭮  i486  TSS 80286.)
-  ⮣, 室  ⥪   ० V86.
-  ⮣, 室     ० V86.
-  ⮣, ந諮  -  ⪥ 㯠.
-  ⮣, ᯮ   ,    뢠/誨.
  26-5 ਢ 祭 ६  ४祭   ᪫祭, ।     ᯮ짮  .  ᠭ .  ਫ .

26.2.2.4  "ᠭ"

 "ᠭ", ᯮ ᫥  "᫮ ⠪⮢ 横" ᮤন ⪮ ᠭ ࠧ  .  ࠧ " "  "ᠭ" ᮤন  ஡ ଠ  ࠡ .

26.2.2.5  

 ࠧ " " 室 ⬨᪮ ᠭ , ᯮ饥 ,  몠   ᪠.  ⠢  ᫥ ⮢:
ਨ    ᨬ "(*"  "*)".
⠢    祢묨 ᫮  "if" (IF, THEN, ELSE, FI)   "do" (DO, OD),   "case" (CASE...OF,ESAC).
 ॣ ࠧ㬥 ᮤন ॣ.  ॣ   ᪮ ࠧ㬥 ᮤন 樨 ,  ன ᮤন  ॣ. ਬ, ES:[DI] 砥 ᮤন  ,  ⭮⥫쭮 ॣ ES ᮤন ॣ DI. [SI] 㪠뢠  ᮤন , ᮤঠ饣  ॣ SI ⭮⥫쭮 ᥣ  SI  㬮砭 (DS)  ⭮⥫쭮 ८। ᥣ.
 26-5. ६ 믮 ४祭 

-----------------------------------------------------------------
                    |           
        |--------------------------------------------
                    | TSS i486 |  TSS 80286 |  TSS VM
-----------------------------------------------------------------
VM/i486/80286 TSS   |    199     |     180      |    177
-----------------------------------------------------------------
VM = 㠫 ०
 ᪮ ᯮ ⠪  ࠭ ,   ,  ᮤন    ᬥ饭 ⭮⥫쭮 ᥣ. ਬ, [SRC] 㪠뢠,  ᮤন 室 ࠭  ᬥ饭 ⭮⥫쭮 ᥣ.
A <- B 砥,  祭 B ᢠ .
 =, <>, >=  <=  樨 ⭮襭, ᯮ㥬  ࠢ  稭, 騥 ࠢ⢮, ࠢ⢮,   ࠢ    ࠢ, ᮮ⢥⢥. ࠦ ⭮襭, ਬ, A = B,  १ TRUE (⨭), ᫨ 祭  ࠢ 祭 ;  ⨢ 砥  ࠢ FALSE ().
 ⬨᪨ ᠭ ᯮ ᫥騥 䨪:
- OperandSize ।⠢ ᮡ ਡ ࠧ ࠭ , ࠢ  16,  32 ⠬. AddressSize ।⠢ ᮡ ਡ ࠧ , ⠪ ࠢ 16  32 ⠬. ਬ,
     IF instruction = CMPSW
     THEN OperandSize <- 16;
     ELSE
        IF instruction = CMPSD
        THEN OperandSize <- 32;
        FI;
     FI;

砥,  ਡ ࠧ ࠭    ᯮ㥬  CMPS. . ᠭ ਡ⮢ ࠧ   ࠧ ࠭  砫  ,  ਢ 騥 㪠 ⭮⥫쭮 ।  ਡ⮢.
- StackAddrSize ।⠢ ᮡ ਡ ࠧ   ⥪, 易   ,   祭 16  32 ,  﫮    .
- SRC ।⠢ ᮡ 室 ࠭.  稨  ࠭ SRC  ࠭ ࠢ.
- DEST ।⠢ ᮡ ࠭ 祭.  稨  ࠭ DEST  ࠭ ᫥.
- LeftSRC, RightSRC  ࠧ  ࠭,     室묨 ࠭.
- eSP ।⠢ ᮡ  ॣ SP,  ॣ஬ ESP,  ᨬ  ⠭  B  ⥪饣 ᥣ ⥪.
騥 㭪樨 ᯮ  ⬨᪨ ᠭ:
- Truncate to 16 bits (祭) 㬥蠥 ࠧ 祭 ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡  頫  16 ,  室 뢠 訩 .
- Addr(࠭) 頥 ᯮ⥫  ࠭ (१ ᫥ ᯮ⥫쭮  । ᫮   ᥣ).
- ZeroExtend(祭) 頥 祭, ७ 㫥  ᮮ⢥⢨  ਡ⮬ ࠧ ࠭ . ਬ, ᫨ OperandSize = 32, ZeroExtend  ⮢ 祭, ࠢ -10, ८ࠧ   祭 F6H   ᫮  ⭠ 祭 000000F6H. ᫨ 祭, । ZeroExtend,  ਡ ࠧ ࠭   祭,  ZeroExtend 頥  祭 .
- SignExtend(祭) 頥 祭, ७   ᮮ⢥⢨  ਡ⮬ ࠧ ࠭ . ਬ, ᫨ OperandSize = 32, SignExtend  ⮢ 祭, ࠢ -10, ८ࠧ   祭 F6H   ᫮  ⭠ 祭 FFFFFFF6H. ᫨ 祭, । SignExtend,  ਡ ࠧ ࠭   祭,  SignExtend 頥  祭 .
- Push(祭) 頥 祭  ⥪. ᫮ ⮢, 饭  ⥪, । ਡ⮬ ࠧ ࠭ . ⢨ Push ᫥饥:

     IF StackAddrSize = 16
     THEN
         IF OperandSize = 16
         THEN
             SP <- SP - 2;
             SS:[SP] <- 祭 (* ᢮ 2 ⮢, 稭
                                     , 㥬  SP *)
         ELSE (* OperandSize = 32 *)
             SP <- SP - 4;
             SS:[SP] <- 祭 (* ᢮ 4 ⮢, 稭
                                     , 㥬  SP *)
         FI;
     ELSE (* StackAddrSize = 32 *)
         IF OperandSize = 16
         THEN
             ESP <- ESP - 2;
             SS:[ESP] <- 祭 (* ᢮ 2 ⮢, 稭
                                     , 㥬  ESP *)
         ELSE (* OperandSize = 32 *)
             ESP <- ESP - 4;
             SS:[ESP] <- 祭 (* ᢮ 4 ⮢, 稭
                                     , 㥬  ESP *)
         FI;
     FI;

- Pop(祭) 㤠 祭  設 ⥪  頥 .  EAX <- Pop(); ᢠ EAX 32-⮢ 祭, ஥ Pop ᭨  設 ⥪. Pop 頥  ᫮,   ᫮,  ᨬ  ਡ ࠧ ࠭. ⢨ Pop ᫥饥:

     IF StackAddrSize = 16
     THEN
         IF OperandSize = 16
         THEN
             祭  <- SS:[SP]; (* 2-⮢  *)
             SP <- SP + 2;
         ELSE (* OperandSize = 32 *)
             祭  <- SS:[SP]; (* 4-⮢  *)
             SP <- SP + 4;
         FI;
     ELSE (* StackAddrSize = 32 *)
         IF OperandSize = 16
         THEN
             祭  <- SS:[ESP]; (* 2-⮢  *)
             ESP <- ESP + 2;
         ELSE (* OperandSize = 32 *)
             祭  <- SS:[ESP]; (* 4-⮢  *)
             ESP <- ESP + 4;
         FI;
     FI;
     RETURN(祭 ); (*  ᫮  
                                   ᫮ *)

Pop ST ᯮ  ࠭   権  饩 窮  砥 祭  ⥪ ॣ஢ FPU.
Bit[BitBase, BitOffset] ( [, 饭]) 頥    ப ⮢, ।⠢饩 ᮡ ⮢ ᫥⥫쭮    ॣ.  㬥  ॣ    襣  襬.     ᫮ ᯮ ⠪ ࠧ,  訩  ᮤন 訥  ⮢.
᫨  ࠭  ॣ,  ᬥ饭  室   0...31.  ᬥ饭    㪠 ॣ. ਬ, 'BIT[EAX, 21]'   㭪 26-4.
- I-O-Permission(I-O-Address, width) (襭 -뢮 (--뢮,ਭ)) 頥 祭 TRUE  FALSE  ᨬ  ⮢ ᨢ ࠧ襭 /뢮   䠪஢.  㭪 । ᫥騬 ࠧ:

     IF ⨯ TSS ࠢ 80286 THEN RETURN FALSE; FI;
     Ptr <- [TSS +66]; (* 롮ઠ 㪠⥫ ⮢ ᨢ *)
     BitStringAddr <- SHR(I-O-Address, 3) + Ptr;
     MaskShift <- I-O-Address AND 7;
     CASE width OF:
            BYTE:nBitMask <- 1;
            WORD:nBitMask <- 3;
            DWORD:nBitMask <- 15;

     31            21                               0
     -------------------------------------------------
     |             | |                               |
     -------------------------------------------------
                    ^                                ^
                    |_________BITOFFSET=21___________|

㭮 26-3. BitOffset (饭)  BIT[EAX,21]

  (⥫쭮 ᬥ饭)

     7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
    -------------------------------------------------
    |   | |         |               |               |
    -------------------------------------------------
    | BITBASE + 1   |   BITBASE     |  BITBASE - 1  |
       ^                            |
       |_____OFFSET = -13___________|

  (⥫쭮 ᬥ饭)

     7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
    -------------------------------------------------
    |               |               |   | |         |
    -------------------------------------------------
    | BITBASE       |   BITBASE-1   |  BITBASE - 2  |
                    |               |     ^
                    |_____OFFSET = -11____|

㭮 26-4.  ⮢ ᨢ

     ESAC;
     mask <- SHL (nBitMask, MaskShift);
     CheckString <- [BitStringAddr] AND mask;
     IF CheckString = 0
     THEN RETURN(TRUE);
     ELSE RETURN(FALSE);
     FI;

- Switch-Tasks -  㭪 ४祭 , ᠭ   7.

26.2.2.6 ᠭ

 "ᠭ" ᮤন 쭥訥 ᭥  ࠡ .

26.2.2.7 塞 䫠

 ࠧ "塞 䫠"  䫠, 塞 ,  ᠭ :
- ᫨ 䫠 ᥣ 頥  ᥣ ⠭ ,  ᫥  䫠 ਢ  祭 (0  1). 䬥᪨  ᪨  筮 ᢠ 祭 䫠 ﭨ ⠭ ࠧ, ᠭ  ਫ . ⫨   ᮣ襭 ᢮ 䫠 뢠  ࠧ " ".
- 祭 䫠, ᠭ  "।",     । ࠧ.
 ᠭ  ⮬ ࠧ 䫠   .
 ᠭ   ࠧ "塞 䫠 FPU",  ஬ ᪠,  ࠧ        ᫮  ᫮ ﭨ FPU.   ᠭ  ⠪ ࠧ "᫮ ᪫祭",   ᫥ 䫠 ᪫祭 ᫮ ﭨ FPU, ⠭ .

26.2.2.8 ᪫祭 饭 ०

  ࠧ ᠭ ᪫祭,    믮   饭 ०.   ᪫祭 ࠧ    (#),   ᫥  㪢  樮  訡  㣫 ᪮. ਬ, #GP (0) 砥 ᪫祭 饩    訡 0.   26-6 ਢ ᮮ⢥⢨  㪢   뢠.
  9 ᠭ ᪫祭  ﭨ  i486 ᫥ 室     ᪫祭.
ਪ ணࠬ    㬥樨  樮 ⥬  । ⢨, ।ਭ,      ᪫祭.

26.2.2.9 ᪫祭 ० ॠ ᮢ

᪮  ० ॠ ᮢ  i486 믮 襥 ⢮ ஢ப  訡,  ०   ᫮ ᪫祭.  ஡ ଠ  ⠪ ᪫祭 .   22.

26.2.2.10 ᪫祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086

 㠫쭮 ० 8086 ᯥ稢  ஢ 㠫 設 8086. ᪫祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086  ᪫祭  8086,   묨 ⫨ﬨ. ஡ .   23.
 26-6. ᪫祭

-----------------------------------------------------------------
   뢠     ᠭ
-----------------------------------------------------------------
   #UD          6            樨
   #NM          7          ன⢮ 㯭
   #DF          8           ᡮ
   #TS         10           TSS
   #NP         11              
   #SS         12            ⥪
   #GP         13           饩 
   #PF         14          ࠭ ᡮ
   #MF         16          訡 樨  饩 窮
   #AC         17          ஢ઠ ࠢ
-----------------------------------------------------------------


AAA - ८ࠧ  ASCII ᫥ ᫮
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|         ᫮      ᠭ                         |
|樨           ⠪⮢                                    |
|                   横                                      |
| 37       AAA         3       ८ࠧ  ASCII ᫥     |
|                              ᫮                         |
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 
IF ((AL AND 0FH) > 9) OR (AF = 1) THEN AL <- (AL + 6) AND 0FH; AH <- AH + 1; AF <- 1; CF <- 1; ELSE CF <- 0; AF <- 0; FI;
ᠭ
 AAA  믮 ⮫쪮 ᫥  ADD, 饩  १  ॣ AL. 訥 㡠 ࠭  ADD      0  9 (筮 - ).   砥  AAA ८ࠧ ॣ AL ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡  ᮤঠ ࠢ १ 筮 . ᫨  ᫮  믮  ७,  ॣ AH ६,  䫠 CF  AF ⠭. ᫨ 筮 ७  뫮,  䫠 CF  AF ,  ॣ AH ⠥  .   砥, ॣ AL ⠥  訬 㡠⮬, ⠭ ࠢ 0.  ८ࠧ ॣ AL  १ ASCII  ᫥  AAA  OR AL,30H.
塞 䫠
 砥 筮 ७ ⠭ 䫠 AF  CF,   ⢨ 筮 ७  䫠 ; 䫠 OF, SF, ZF  PF ।.
᪫祭 饭 ०

᪫祭 ० ॠ ᮢ

᪫祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086

AAD - ८ࠧ AX  ASCII । 
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|         ᫮      ᠭ                         |
|樨           ⠪⮢                                    |
|                   横                                      |
|D5 0A     AAD         14      ८ࠧ AX  ASCII ।  |
|                                                       |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
  
AL <- AH * 10 + AL; AH <- 0;
ᠭ
 AAD ᯮ  ⮢  筮-  (   ॣ,    ॣ AH)  樨 ,   㯠 १.  믮 ⠭ ॣ AL  AL + (10 * AH),  ᫥饩 ⪮ ॣ AH. ᫥ ⮣ ॣ AX ࠢ 筮  室 㯠 姭筮 . 
塞 䫠

 SF, ZF  PF ⠭  ᮮ⢥⢨  १⮬; 䫠 OF, AF  CF ।.
᪫祭 饭 ०

᪫祭 ० ॠ ᮢ

᪫祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086

AAM - ८ࠧ AX  ASCII ᫥ 㬭
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|         ᫮      ᠭ                         |
|樨           ⠪⮢                                    |
|                   横                                      |
|D4 0A     AAM        15       ८ࠧ AX  ASCII ᫥  |
|                              㬭                        |
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 
AH <- AL / 10; AL <- AL MOD 10;
ᠭ
 AAM  믮 ⮫쪮 ᫥  MUL, 믮塞   㯠 筮-   饩 १  ॣ AX. ᪮ १  100,   頥  ॣ AL.  AAM ᯠ뢠 १  AL,  AL  10   ⭮ ( )  ॣ AH,  ⮪ ( )  ॣ AL.
塞 䫠
 SF, ZF  PF ⠭  ᮮ⢥⢨  १⮬; 䫠 OF, AF  CF ।.
᪫祭 饭 ०

᪫祭 ० ॠ ᮢ

᪫祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086

AAS - ८ࠧ AL  ASCII ᫥ ⠭
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|         ᫮      ᠭ                         |
|樨           ⠪⮢                                    |
|                   横                                      |
| 3F       AAS         3       ८ࠧ AL  ASCII ᫥  |
|                              ⠭                        |
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 

IF (AL AND 0FH) > 9 OR AF = 1
THEN
 AL <- AL - 6;
 AL <- AL AND 0FH;
 AH <- AH - 1;
 AF <- 1;
 CF <- 1;
ELSE
 CF <- 0;
 AF <- 0;
FI;

ᠭ
 AAS  믮 ⮫쪮 ᫥  SUB, 饩  १  ॣ AL. 訥 㡠 ࠭  SUB      0  9 (筮 - ).   砥  AAS ८ࠧ ॣ AL ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡  ᮤঠ ࠢ १ 筮 . ᫨  ⠭  믮  ७,  ॣ AH ६,  䫠 CF  AF ⠭. ᫨ 筮 ७  뫮,  䫠 CF  AF ,  ॣ AH ⠥  .   砥, ॣ AL ⠥  訬 㡠⮬, ⠭ ࠢ 0.  ८ࠧ ॣ AL  १ ASCII  ᫥  AAS  OR AL,30H.
塞 䫠
 砥 筮 ७ ⠭ 䫠 AF  CF,   ⢨ 筮 ७  䫠 ; 䫠 OF, SF, ZF  PF ।.
᪫祭 饭 ०
 
᪫祭 ० ॠ ᮢ

᪫祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086
 
