 24. ⠭ 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 ணࠬ

 i486(TM), ࠡ騩  饭 ०,   386(), ᭮  32-ࠧ來 ⥪,  ন ணࠬ  16-ࠧ來 ⥪ ࠭ ஢ Intel(R).   ஢ প:
1. 믮 ணࠬ ஢ 8086  80286   ᮢ⨬.
2. ⠭ 16-ࠧ來 㫥  32-ࠧ來묨 ﬨ.
3. ⠭ 16-ࠧ來  32-來 ᮢ     㫥.
 ஢ 㦤   21,  22   23.   ,  16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 㫨  ⢮   㣮,     㫥  ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 ࠭  .
㭪樨  i486 ࠡ 䥪⨢,   ⪮ ࠧ  16-ࠧ來   32-ࠧ來 㫥.  16-ࠧ來 㫨  ᫥騬 ࠪ⨪:
-  ᥣ ᮤঠ   64 .
-    ࠧ୮ 8  16 .
- ⥫      16-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭.
- ࠢ । ⮫쪮  ᥣ⠬,     16-ࠧ來 .
 32-ࠧ來 㫨  ᫥騬 ࠪ⨪:
-   ᮤঠ  64  ( 0   4 ).
-    ࠧ୮ 8  32 .
- ⥫      32-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭.
- ࠢ । ⮫쪮  ᥣ⠬,     32-ࠧ來 .
ணࠬ, ᠭ  16-ࠧ來 ஢, ᮤঠ  16-ࠧ來 .  ணࠬ, ᠭ  饭 ०  i486, ᮤঠ  32- ࠧ來 .  ७ ਪ ணࠬ  16-ࠧ來 ஢  32-ࠧ來  i486   , ॡ ⠭ 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 . 稭  ⠭    ᫥騥:
- 㫨  ८ࠧ뢠     16-ࠧ來 ।  32-ࠧ來.
-  16-ࠧ來   ।⢠ ࠧࠡ⪨ ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ᯮ짮  32-ࠧ來 樮 ।,   32-ࠧ來 ।⢠ ࠧࠡ⪨  ⠭ 㯭.
- 室 ⥪ 16-ࠧ來 㫥  㯭  䨪樨.
- ᪨       䨪஢ ࠧ 16-ࠧ來 ᫮.
- ⢥ ࠧ ᫮  室 몥 16-.

24.1 ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 ।.

ᮡ ⥪,    i486  16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 ࠭     ᥡ:
- D- (  㬮砭)  ਯ ᥣ , ।騩 롮  㬮砭 ࠧ୮ ࠭  ᮢ   ᥣ . (  ० ॠ ᮢ  㠫쭮 ०  8086,   ᯮ ਯ஢,  㬮砭 ਭ 16-ࠧ冷). ᫨ D- ⠭,  ᥣ  -  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ, ᫨ D- 饭,  ᥣ  -  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ. D-  ࠧ ࠭  ᮢ,    ᯮ ࠭  ᯮ⥫   ࠧ.
- 䨪   ࠭  㬮砭 ࠧ୮ ࠭  ᮢ (㯭  饭 ० ⠪ ,    ० ॠ ᮢ  㠫쭮 ०  8086).
-  16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來   । ࠢ  ᥣ (  맮,  뢠   誨).
 ࠭  । ࠢ । ⨯ ,   D-⮬  䨪ᮬ । .
- ,    ᯮ짮   16- ࠧ來 ⠪   32-ࠧ來 ࠭  ᫥ ᯮ⥫ ᮢ.
- - (让 )  ਯ ᥣ⮢ , 뢠騩 ࠧ 㪠⥫ ⥪ ( 32-ࠧ來 ॣ ESP  16-ࠧ來 ॣ SP) ᯮ㥬 ஬   뫮  ⥪.

24.2 ⠭ 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 権.

 i486   䨪 ,    16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 樨   ᥣ:
- 䨪 ࠧ ࠭ (66H)
- 䨪 ࠧ  (67H)
 䨪 "" ⠭  㬮砭 ࠧ,   D-. ਬ    MOV mem, reg (, ॣ)    ᯮᮡ:
-  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ:
1. ६頥 32   32-ࠧ來 ॣ    ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .
2. ᫨ ᯮ 䨪 ࠧ ࠭, ६頥 16   16-ࠧ來 ॣ    ᯮ좠 32-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .
3. ᫨ ᯮ 䨪 ࠧ ,  ६頥 32   32-ࠧ來 ॣ    ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .
4. ᫨ ᯮ  䨪 ࠧ ࠭  䨪 ࠧ ,  ६頥 16   16-ࠧ來 ॣ    ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .
-  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ:
1. ६頥 16 ⮢  16-ࠧ來 ॣ    ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .
2. ᫨ ᯮ 䨪 ࠧ ࠭, ६頥 32   32-ࠧ來 ॣ    ᯮ좠 16-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .
3. ᫨ ᯮ 䨪 ࠧ ,  ६頥 16   16-ࠧ來 ॣ    ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .
4. ᫨ ᯮ  䨪 ࠧ ࠭  䨪 ࠧ ,  ६頥 32   32-ࠧ來 ॣ    ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .
 ਬ 뢠,     ᯮ짮   樥 ࠧ஢ ᮢ  ࠧ஢ ࠭    ⥬,  16-ࠧ來   32-ࠧ來 ᥣ 室  . 롮 16-  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ   㬮砭   ᫥ :
1. 室 ᮢ     ᥣ,  64 .
2. ८騩 ࠧ ࠭.
3.  ० 樨.
 㬮砭    ⠭,   ᯮ짮 㯠  ࠭ ८饣 ࠧ  ᯮ짮 䨪ᮢ ࠧ ࠭.

24.3    ᥣ⠬  ࠧ筮 ࠧ來.

᪮ 롮 ࠧ୮ ࠭  ᮢ ।  ᥣ    ਯ, ᥣ   ᢮ ࠧ  ᮡ 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ . ⢥ ࠭祭  㪠⥫ﬨ  16-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭,   ᮢ ⮫쪮  64  ᥣ.   16-ࠧ來묨  32-ࠧ來묨 ᥣ⠬   ࠧ ᥣ   祬 64 ,  ,    㯭 16-ࠧ來 ᥣ⠬,   饭   64 .
⥪    64   ࠧ  16-ࠧ來묨 ⠪  32-ࠧ來묨 ᥣ⠬ .   ⥪ 砥:
- ⥪  ᥣ, 塞 ,  饭묨 ⠬ ⠫樨  訬 ⠬.
- ⥪  ᥣ, 塞 ,  饭묨 ⠬ ⠫樨  訬 ⠬.
- ⥪  ᥣ, 塞 ,  饭 ஬ ⮢ ⠫樨  訬 ⮬.   ᥣ ⥪  ᮤন   64 . (饭, 訥 祬 0FFFFH,   ᯮ짮  ࠧ塞   室  ⥪).
 饬 砥, B- ᥣ ⥪  ᯮ짮   ࠧ ⥪,  ᯮ 16-ࠧ來 ᥣ⮬ .  㪠⥫ ⥪, ᯮ㥬 ஬   뫮  ⥪, ࠢ B-⮬ ਯ ᥣ  ⥪. 묨  뫪, 맢 뢠ﬨ, ᪫祭ﬨ  ⠪ ,  PUSH, POP, CALL  RET.  ,  B-  ᯮ짮  㢥祭 ᥣ ⥪ 16-ࠧ來 ணࠬ ᢥ 64 ,  ⮣ . B-  ࠢ 묨 뫪 ⥪, ⠪  뫪  ࠬ   ६. "让" ⥪   ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 ᥣ⮬  ⮫쪮  砥, ᫨  ஢ ⠪ ࠧ,    뫪  ⥪  । 䨪ᮬ ࠧ .  䨪 뢠 ᯮ짮 ⨬ 뫪 32-ࠧ來 樨.
  ᥣ, 塞  (⠭  ⠫樨, 让   ७ ),  ᬥ饭  64, ᫥⥫쭮 16-ࠧ來 ணࠬ   ᯮ짮 ᥣ ⥪ ⮣ ⨯,  ᥣ   ஢  ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 樨. ( ஡ ଠ  G, B  E  ᮤন   6).

24.4 । ࠢ  ᥣ⠬  ࠧ筮 ࠧ來.

 । ࠢ  楤ࠬ  16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ , ணࠬ   ᫥騥  :
- ࠭ 樨   㪠⥫  16-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭.
-  ४⭮ 饭  ⥪ 室 ࠢ쭮  ਧ ࠧ ࠭    CALL/RET, 뢠/RET.
- ॢ ࠬ஢,  ᮡ ࠬ஢ 㪠⥫.
᭮,  16-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫   ᯮ짮  樨    ࠧ饭  0FFFFH  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ,  ⠪ "᪨"  32-ࠧ來 ࠬ  16-ࠧ來 ᫮. ,   ஡ 䥩  16-ࠧ來묨  32-ࠧ來묨 ﬨ, ᪫ 饮ᠭ ᪫祭    襭.  襭 ஡  饭 ணࠬ 䥩  ﬨ.

24.4.1  㪠⥫ ᥣ 

  । ࠢ,  ᯮ 㪠⥫  ᫥  (.. ,   ᯮ ), ࠧ ᬥ饭 㪠⥫ । ਡ⮬ ࠧ ࠭.  ᯮ짮 㪠⥫   ᥣ  ࠧ ࠧ୮⥩:
-  JMP, CALL  RET  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ ᥣ   ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 ࠭.
-  JMP, CALL  RET  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ  ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 ࠭,   ᮢ  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ, ᫨  祭  0FFFFH.
䥩 楤  ᯥ稢 堭, 騩 ᮢ  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ  ᮬ 祭 ॢ室騬 64 . ॡ  ᥬ 䥩 楤 㤥 㦤   ⮩ .

24.4.2 ࠢ ⥪  । ࠢ

᪮ ࠢ ⥪ ࠧ砥  16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來  CALL  RET, ࠧ ࠭   RET  ᮮ⢥⢮ ࠧ ࠭   CALL. ( 㭮 24-1). 16-ࠧ來  CALL   ⥪ ᮤন 16-ࠧ來 ॣ IP  ( 맮  ࠧ묨 ஢ﬨ ਢ஢) 16-ࠧ來 ॣ SP. ⢥  RET ⠪  ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 ࠭  롮ન ⮣ 16-ࠧ來 祭  ⥪  16-ࠧ來 ॣ. 32-ࠧ來  CALL   ⥪ ᮤন 32-ࠧ來 ॣ EIP  ( ஢ 맮) 32-ࠧ來 ॣ SP. ⢥  RET ⠪  ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 ࠭  롮ન ⮣ 16-ࠧ來 祭  ⥪  32-ࠧ來 ॣ. ᫨     CALL /RET  ࠭ ࠧ筮 , ⢨  ⥪ 㤥 ४,  祭 㪠⥫   㪠⥫ ⥪   ४⭮ ⠭.

Ŀ
                                         
                                                                       
         ᫥ 16-ࠧ來 맮      ᫥ 32-ࠧ來 맮    
             31                    0         31                    0   
            Ĵ         Ĵ    
ࠢ /////////////////////         /////////////////////    
  Ĵ         Ĵ    
             PARM2     PARM1                     PARM2            
           Ĵ         Ĵ    
               CS      IP      < SP           PARM1            
           Ĵ         Ĵ    
                                         //////////   CS         
     V      Ĵ         Ĵ    
                                   ESP >         EIP             
            Ĵ         Ĵ    
                                                                       
                                                                       
                                          
                                                                       
         ᫥ 16-ࠧ來 맮      ᫥ 32-ࠧ來 맮    
             31                    0         31                    0   
            Ĵ         Ĵ    
ࠢ     SS      SP               //////////   SS         
  Ĵ         Ĵ    
             PARM2     PARM1                      ESP             
           Ĵ         Ĵ    
               CS      IP      < SP           PARM2            
           Ĵ         Ĵ    
                                                 PARM1            
     V      Ĵ         Ĵ    
                                          //////////   CS         
            Ĵ         Ĵ    
                                   ESP >         EIP             
            Ĵ         Ĵ    


 㭮 24-1. ⥪ ᫥ 맮  16-  32-ࠧ來 㪠⥫.

  CALL  ᮮ⢥   RET 室  ᥣ,   祭 D- (..   㬮砭 32-ࠧ來    㬮砭 16-ࠧ來),   ᯮ짮 ⠭  㬮砭. ᫨   CALL  ᮮ⢥   RET 室  ᥣ  ࠧ 祭 D- ,   ᯮ짮 䨪 ࠧ ࠭.
  ᯮᮡ 믮 32-ࠧ來 맮 16-ࠧ來 楤ன:
1. ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 맮 32-ࠧ來 䥩᭮ 楤,  ⢨ 32-ࠧ來 맮   .
2. ⢨ 맮 १ 32-ࠧ來  맮.
3.  16-ࠧ來 楤, ⠢ । 맮 䨪 ࠧ ࠭, ॢ騩  맮  32-ࠧ來.
筮 ⠪     ᯮᮡ 믮 16-ࠧ來 맮 32-ࠧ來 楤ன:
1. ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 맮 32-ࠧ來 䥩᭮ 楤,  ⢨ 16-ࠧ來 맮   .
2. ⢨ 맮 १ 16-ࠧ來  맮.
3.  32-ࠧ來 楤, ⠢ । 맮 䨪 ࠧ ࠭, ॢ騩  맮  16-ࠧ來. (室 ᫥, ⮡ 頥 ᬥ饭  ॢ室 0FFFFH).
ணࠬ  ᯮ짮   ਢ  ⮤ 믮  CALL  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ, ࠢ  ᮮ⢥  RET  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ,  믮  CALL  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ, ࠢ  ᮮ⢥  RET  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ.

24.4.2.1 ࠢ ࠧ஬ ࠭  맮

ਧ ࠧ ࠭  CALL  ⢨⥫쭮 뢠 ⮬ D  ᥣ, ᮤঠ饣 ,    䨪 ࠧ ࠭.
  ᥫ 㪠⥫ 뫠  CALL, 롨  ਯ,  ⨯ 맮 । ⨯  맮. 맮, 騩 १  맮  80286 (⨯ ਯ 4),  ਧ 16-ࠧ來 ࠧ ࠭; 맮, 騩 १  맮 業ࠫ ஢ 286/ i486 (⨯ ਯ 12),  ਧ 32-ࠧ來 ࠧ ࠭. 饭 ⭮⥫쭮    ਯ ; ⠪ ࠧ,  16-ࠧ來 楤  뢠 楤 ᯮ  ᭮ ࠭⢥  64   32-ࠧ來 ᥣ, ᪮ 32-ࠧ來  맮 ᮤন 32-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭.
஢ 16-ࠧ來 ᥣ ,  ᯥ譮 ᪠   8086   ० ॠ ᮢ   80286,  饭 D-   ᯮ 䨪  ࠧ ࠭; ⠪ ࠧ,  㤥 ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來   CALL. ⢥ 䨪,  ॡ  ⮣, ⮡ 16-ࠧ來 楤 ᬮ ᤥ 32-ࠧ來 맮 -  ६饭 맮   맮  386/i486.

24.4.2.2  ࠧ 맮

  32-ࠧ來   16-ࠧ來 楤ࠬ, 室 뢠 ᫮ ࠬ஢.   ਯ  । ࠧ ப ࠬ஢, 㥬  ⥪饣 ⥪  ⥪  ਢ஢ 楤.   16-ࠧ來  । ᫮ 㥬 ᫮, ⮣    32-ࠧ來  । ᫮ 㥬  ᫮; ⮬ 16-ࠧ來 楤  ᯮ짮 ⭮ ᫮ ᫮  ⢥ ࠬ஢.

24.4.3 । 뢠 ࠢ

। ࠢ  뢠  ᪫祭 ந室  ᯮ짮 . ਧ ࠧ ࠭  뢠 । ਯ஬   ⠡ ਯ஢ 뢠 (IDT).  뢠  誨 業ࠫ쭮  386/i486 (⨯ ਯ 14  15), 롨騩 32-ࠧ來 ࠡ稪 뢠,  ᯮ짮  뢠  16- ⠪  32-ࠧ來 楤. ,  룮 । 뢠  祭 맮 16-ࠧ來 ࠡ稪  饭 32-ࠧ來 , ᪮ 16-ࠧ來 楤 뢠 ࠭  ⥪ ⮫쪮 16  頥 ᬥ饭. ᫨ 32-ࠧ來 楤 饭   ॢ 0FFFFH,  16-ࠧ來 楤 뢠   ᯥ  .

24.4.4 ॢ ࠬ

 ᬥ饭 ᥣ  㪠⥫ ᥣ ( ᮤঠ ᬥ饭 ᥣ) ।  ࠬ  16-  32-ࠧ來묨 楤ࠬ, 室  ॢ. ᫨ 32- ࠧ來 楤 । 㪠⥫  , ᯮ   ॢ室 64 , 16-ࠧ來 楤, ᫥    ᯮ짮.  ᪫祭 ⮣ ࠭祭, 䥩᭠ ணࠬ  믮  室 ८ࠧ ଠ⮢  32-ࠧ來묨  16- ࠧ來묨 㪠⥫ﬨ.

24.4.5 䥩 楤

 ࠧ饭 䥩 ணࠬ  32-ࠧ來묨  16-ࠧ來묨 楤ࠬ ࠧ  䥩 ஡, ⠪ :
-  楤ࠬ  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ 뢠 楤  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ, 騥 ᬥ饭 襥 0FFFFH.
- ⠭ ᮮ⢥⢨  ࠧࠬ ࠭  CALL  RET .
- ॢ ࠬ஢ ().
䥩᭠ ணࠬ 頥,   ᫥騥 ࠭祭.
- 䥩᭠ ணࠬ ᯮ  ᥣ  ⠭ D-⮬, 騬 ࠧ ࠭  㬮砭 32 .
-  楤,   뢠 16-ࠧ來묨 楤ࠬ,  ᬥ饭   0FFFFH.
-  頥 , ࠭塞 16-ࠧ來묨 楤ࠬ, ⠪  ᬥ饭   0FFFFH.
᫨     ࠭祭 蠥,  ணࠬ 䥩 ⠭  ᫮. ਬ, ᫨ 16-ࠧ來 楤 뢠 32-ࠧ來 楤  窮 室  0FFFFH, ணࠬ 䥩  ᯥ ᬥ饭  窥 室. ⮡ࠦ  16-ࠧ來묨  32-ࠧ來묨 ᠬ ⢫ ⮬᪨ ⮫쪮  ᯮ짮  맮, ᪮ ਯ  맮 ᮤন 32-ࠧ來 . ᫨  맮  ᯮ,  32-ࠧ來   ᯥ ਯ.
ணࠬ 䥩 뢠 楤  㣨 ᥣ⮢.   ⨯ 䥩ᮢ:
-  16-ࠧ來 楤 뢠 32-ࠧ來 楤. 楤 䥩 뢠 16-ࠧ來  CALL  ᯮ 䨪 ࠧ ࠭ ।  RET  믮 16-ࠧ來  RET. 맮 32-ࠧ來 ᥣ⮢ -  32-ࠧ來  CALL ( 㬮砭, ᪮ ⠭ D-),  32-ࠧ來 ணࠬ ந    32-ࠧ來  RET.
-  32-ࠧ來 楤 뢠 16-ࠧ來 楤. 楤 䥩 뢠 32-ࠧ來  CALL  頥 32-ࠧ來  RET ( 㬮砭, ᪮ ⠭ D-).  CALL  16-ࠧ來 楤 ᯮ 䨪 ࠧ ࠭;  16-ࠧ來 楤 ⢫   16-ࠧ來  RET. 
