
 11  ⫠

 i486 ᯥ稢 ७ ⫠ ।⢠,   ⭮   ࠧࠡ⪨ ᫮ ணࠬ ⥬, ⠪  ⨧ 樮 ⥬. ᫮ ᡮ   ணࠬ ⥬   祭 ᫮묨  ᨬ묨  ६. ⫠ ।⢠  i486 ।⠢ ⥬ ணࠬ  㬥 ᬮ ᪮ ﭨ .
⫠ ন ।⢮ ⫠ ॣ஢.  ᮤঠ  祪 , 뢠 ஫묨 窠 (窠 ⠭),  ᪠ ⫠筮 ணࠬ ᯥ祭.  믮 樨       ᮢ  ᪫祭. ஫쭠 窠   ⭮  㯠  , ਬ 롮ન   樨   ᫮. ⫠ ॣ ন  ஫ 窨 , ⠪  ஫ 窨 .
 㣨 ஢ ஫ 窨  ⠭  ଠ   ஫ 祪.  믮  ஫쭮 窨 뢠 ⫠稪.   砥 ⫠ ॣ஢  i486   易⥫쭮. ᪫ 室   ࠭⢮ ,  ⫠ 頥 ( ॡ ⠭ ⮡ࠦ ᥣ⮢      ,    ᥣ),  ஫ 窨  ⠭   -१⭮ ணࠬ ᯥ祭. ஬ ⮣, ஫ 窨   ⠭  ⥭   ,   ஫஢ ﭨ   ० ॠ쭮 ६.

11.1  প ⫠

 ᫮ । ⥪, ন ⫠, 室:
- ࢨ㥬 ⫠  뢠 -  楤  ,  ந室 ᮡ⨥,   ⫠稪.
- ⫠  ॣ -     ஫ 祪.
- ⫠ ࠢ騩 ॣ -   㯠    ஫ 祪.
- ⫠ ॣ ﭨ - ᮮ頥  ᫮,  ⢮   樨 ᪫祭.
-  誨  TSS (T-) -  ⫠筮 ᪫祭  ⪥ 믮 ४祭   ,  ன    ⠭.
-   (RF) -   ⢥ ᪫祭    ⮩  .
-  誨 (TF) -  ⫠筮 ᪫祭 ᫥  믮 .
-  ஫쭮 窨 - 뢠 ⫠稪 ( ⫠筮 ᪫祭.    ୠ⨢ ᯮᮡ ⠭ ஫ 祪  .  ᮡ ,  ⥫쭮    ஫ 祪,   饭 ஫ 祪  室 .
- ࢨ㥬  뢠  ᪫祭 ஫쭮 窨 - 뢠 楤    믮  ஫쭮 窨.
 ।⢠  뢠 ⫠稪  ⤥   楤  ⥪ ⥪饩 .  맮 ⫠稪   ᯮ짮 ᫥騥 ᫮:
- ४祭   .
- 믮  ஫쭮 窨.
- 믮  .
- 믮    .
- ⥭   , ᫮   ᫮  ⭮  .
-   , ᫮   ᫮   .
- ⪠  ᮤন ⫠筮 ॣ.

11.2  ⫠ ॣ

 ࠢ ⫠ ᯮ  ॣ஢.   ⨬ ॣࠬ 믮   ࠧ⥩  MOV. ⫠ ॣ   室 ࠭  ࠭ 祭  . ⫠ ॣ ⭮  ਢ஢ ᠬ;  MOV     ⮫쪮  ஢ ਢ஢ 0. ⪠ ⥭    ⫠ ॣ  㣨 ஢ ਢ஢  ᪫祭 饩 .  㭪 11-1  ଠ ⫠ ॣ஢.

11.2.1  ⫠  ॣ (DR0-DR3)

   ॣ஢ ᮤন      ஫ 祪.  ࠧ襭 窥 ࠭   ࠭᫨  䨧᪨    窨 ࠭. ᫮  ஫쭮 窨 । ᮤন ॣ DR7.

11.2.2 ⫠ ࠢ騩 ॣ (DR7)

  㭪 11-1 ⫠ ࠢ騩 ॣ   㯠  , 易   ஫쭮 窮.    ॣ DR0 - DR3 ᮮ⢥  R/W0 - R/W3  ॣ DR7.    ᫥騬 ࠧ:
00 - 뢠 ⮫쪮  믮  00 - 뢠 ⮫쪮    10 -  । 11 - 뢠  ⥭   ,    롮થ 
⫠ ॣ

 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-----------------------------------------------------------------
| L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R |           | | | | | | | | | | |
| E | / | E | / | E | / | E | / |0 0 0 0 0 0|G|L|G|L|G|L|G|L|G|L|DR7
| N | W | N | W | N | W | N | W |           |E|E|3|3|2|2|1|1|0|0|
| 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |           | | | | | | | | | | |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|B|B|B|0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|B|B|B|B|DR6
|                               |T|S|D|                 |3|2|1|0|
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|                       १ࢨ஢                         |DR5
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|                       १ࢨ஢                         |DR5
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|                ᪨  ஫쭮 窨 3           |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|                ᪨  ஫쭮 窨 2           |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|                ᪨  ஫쭮 窨 1           |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|                ᪨  ஫쭮 窨 0           |
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 , 祭  0, १ࢨ஢.  ᯮ .
㭮 11-1. ⫠ ॣ
 LEN0 - LEN3 ॣ DR7  ࠧ 樨 ,  ன ⠭ ஫ 窨.    ࠧ  1, 2  4 .    ᫥騬 ࠧ:
00 -    01 -    10 -  । 11 -   
᫨ RWn ࠢ 00 (믮 ),  LENn   ࠢ 00. 䥪  ᯮ짮  㣮  ।.
訥 ᥬ ⮢ ॣ DR7 (  L0  L3  G0  G3)  ⤥쭮 ࠧ ᫮ ஫ 祪   .   ஢  ࠧ襭:  ( L0  L3)   ( G0  G3).   ࠧ襭 ⮬᪨  ஬   ४祭 , ⮡  ⥫ ᫮ ஫ 祪   .  ᯮ  ⠭ ஫ 祪   ⤥쭮 .   ࠧ襭  ४祭   .  ᯮ  ࠧ襭 ᫮ ஫쭮 窨, ਬ  ᥬ 砬.
 i486 ᥣ ᯮ  ⫠ 筮 ᮢ  ஫ 祪 .  , ᫨ -  ⮢ Ln/Gn ⠭,    믮 ⠪ ࠧ,  ᮮ饭  ஫쭮 窥  뤠   ⮩ ,  맢 ࠡ뢠  ஫쭮 窨,    ᫥饩 믮塞 .  ⠪ 砥 -⠪⮢ , 믮騥   ,    ⠪⮢ 横.
  386 DX 筮 ᮢ  ஫ 祪   ந室, ᫨   ࠧ ⠭  LE  GE.  i486   .

11.2.3  ⫠ ॣ ﭨ (DR6)

  㭪 11-1 ⫠ ॣ ﭨ ᮮ頥  ᫮,   ६ ஢ ⫠筮 ᪫祭. । 祩 ଠ樨,  ᮮ頥,  ஫쭠 窨 맢  ᪫祭.
 ࠧ襭 ஫쭠 窠  ᪫祭 ⫠,  㦠 訥    ॣ ( B0  B3), ० 祬   ࠡ稪 ⫠ ᪫祭.  B ⠭, ᫨ ᫮, ᠭ ⠬ DR, LEN  R/w ⨭,  ᫨  ஫쭠 窠  ࠧ襭 ⠬ L  G.  ⠭  B   ஫ 祪,   믮 ᫮, ⠭   樨 ⫠筮 ᪫祭, ᨬ  ⮣, 뫨   ࠧ襭.
 BT 易  ⮬  (⫠ ⮬ 誨)  TSS (ଠ TSS .   6).  ⠭  BT । 室  ⫠ ࠡ稪 ᪫祭, ᫨ ४祭 ந諮    ⠭ ⮬ T  TSS.  ॣ DR7   , 饣 ࠧ    ᪫祭,    TSS  ⢥ ࠧ騬 ⮬.
 BS 易  䫠 TF.  BS ⠭, ᫨ ⫠筮 ᪫祭 ந諮  蠣 ० 믮 ( ⠭ 䫠 TF). 蠣 ० 믮  ⫠筮 ᪫祭  訬 ਮ⮬;   BS ⠭,  稥  ﭨ ⫠ ⠪   ⠭.
 BD ⠭, ᫨ ᫥  㤥   뢠   쬨 ⫠ ॣ஢,   ६   ᯮ ஥ ஬.
⬥⨬,  ᮤন ॣ DR6   頥 ஬. ⮡  ⠭  䨪樥 ⫠ ᪫祭, ⫠ ࠡ稪 ᪫祭  । ⮬   ॣ.

11.2.4  ᯮ  ஫쭮 窨

   LEN     ᫮ ஫쭮 窨 ।  ᫥⥫ ᮢ ⮢  ஫쭮 窨 .  LEN   -,  -⮢ . -⮢    ࠢ  ࠭ ᫮ (,  ),  -⮢    ࠢ  ࠭  ᫮ (,  ६).  ॡ ਭ㤨⥫쭮 ⠭ ஬;  ᯮ  LEN  ᪨஢   ⮢  ⫠ ॣ. ࠢ  ஫ 祪       १⮢.
஫쭠 窠   ⥭   ࠡ뢠,    ⮢,   樨 㯠  , 室  , ।  ॣ஬ ஫쭮 窨   ⠬  LEN.   11-1 ਢ ᪮쪮 ਬ஢ 権 ᮢ    뫪  , 뢠騥   뢠騥 ࠡ뢠 誨.
஫ 窨   ࠢ ࠭   ⠢   ஢ ⮢  ॣ ஫쭮 窨,   ⤥  ࠢ  ࠭ ,     뢠  㦭 ࠭.  ஫쭠 窠  ᪫祭 ⮫쪮  ࠭,    - ᥤ ⮢.
 ஫ 祪          (LEN = 00);  ⠪ ஫ 祪  砥 㣨 ࠧ஢ ࠭ ।.  ᯮ  ஫쭮 窨  ⮫쪮   㪠뢠    . ᫨   - 䨪,  ஫쭮 窨  㪠뢠   䨪.
 11-1. ਬ ஫ 祪

-----------------------------------------------------------------
            ਩    |                |    
                           |(⭠)  |  ( )
-----------------------------------------------------------------
ন ॣ  |  DR0|      A0001          |1 (LEN0 = 00)
ন ॣ  |  DR1|      A0002          |2 (LEN0 = 00)
ন ॣ  |  DR2|      B0002          |2 (LEN0 = 01)
ন ॣ  |  DR3|      C0000          |4 (LEN0 = 11)
---------------------------|---------------------|---------------
                           |      A0001          |       1
                           |      A0002          |       1
                           |      A0001          |       2
樨  ,        |      A0002          |       2
뢠騥 ࠡ뢠    |      B0002          |       2
誨                    |      B0001          |       4
                           |      C0000          |       4
                           |      C0001          |       2
                           |      C0003          |       1
---------------------------|---------------------|---------------
樨  ,        |      A0000          |       1
 뢠騥 ࠡ뢠 |      A0003          |       4
誨                    |      B0000          |       2
                           |      C0004          |       4
-----------------------------------------------------------------

11.3  ⫠ ᪫祭

  뢠  i486 १ࢨ  ⫠ ᪫祭. ⫠ ᪫祭   ᯮᮡ ᪠ ⫠稪, ࠧࠡ⠭   i486; ᪫祭 ஫쭮 窨 ।祭  । ஫쭮 窨  ⫠稪.

11.3.1 뢠 1 - ⫠ ᪫祭

ࠡ稪  ᪫祭 筮 ।⠢ ᮡ ⫠稪   ⫠筮 ⥬.   ⫠筮 ᪫祭    ᪮쪨 ᫮. ⫠稪  ஢ 䫠  ॣ DR6  DR7, ⮡ ।,  ᫮ 맢  ᪫祭    ᫮  ⠪   稭.   11-2  ﭨ  ⮢   ⨯ ᫮ ஫쭮 窨.
஫ 窨  뢠 ᡮﬨ; 稥 ⫠ ᪫祭 뢠 誠. ⫠筮 ᪫祭 ६  ᮮ      ⤥쭮,  ࠧ  .  ᫥ ࠧ   ⫠ ᪫祭 ᠭ ஡.

11.3.1.1   ஫쭮 窥 

 ᮮ頥  ஫쭮 窥   믮 ᠬ ⮩  (.., ⫠筮 ᪫祭, 맢 ஫쭮 窮 , ⭮  ᡮ).
 RF  ࠡ稪 ⫠筮 ᪫祭 믮  , 맢 ᡮ,  ᪫祭 ⫠ ᡮ.  砥  ⠪ ᡮ  ⥬ ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ⠭  RF   ॣ EFLAGS, 頥  ⥪  ணࠬ-ࠡ稪 ⫠筮 ᪫祭.   ⠢   믮 ணࠬ   ஫쭮 窨  樨  ⮩   ୮ ᡮ. (ਬ砭:  RF  뢠 ஢ 襪 ஫ 祪  㣨  ᡮ).
 11-2. ᫮ ⫠筮 ᪫祭

-----------------------------------------------------------------
㥬 䫠                          ᠭ
-----------------------------------------------------------------
BS = 1                         誠 蠣 믮
B0 = 1  (GE0 = 1  LE0 = 1) ஫쭠 窠, । 
                               DR0, LEN0  R/W0
B1 = 1  (GE1 = 1  LE1 = 1) ஫쭠 窠, । 
                               DR1, LEN1  R/W1
B2 = 1  (GE2 = 1  LE2 = 1) ஫쭠 窠, । 
                               DR2, LEN2  R/W2
B3 = 1  (GE3 = 1  LE3 = 1) ஫쭠 窠, । 
                               DR3, LEN3  R/W3
BD = 1                         ⫠ ॣ, ᯮ㥬
                                ஥ 樨
BT = 1                         ४祭 
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 頥 䫠 RF  ᯥ譮 襭  ,  ᪫祭 襭  IRET,  POPF   JMP, CALL  INT, 뢠 ४祭 .   ४ 䫠 RF  祭,  ࠭  ॣ EFLAGS.
 ⠭ 䫠 RF   ॣ EFLAGS, 饭  ⥪ । 室   ࠡ稪 ᡮ.  室  ࠡ稪 ᡮ 믮  ஫ 祪 , ਬ, 䫠 RF ⠭   ॣ EFLAGS, 頥  ⥪; ᫥⥫쭮,  IRET,  ࠢ  ࠡ稪 ᪫祭, 㤥 ⠭ 䫠 RF  ॣ EFLAGS,  믮   ࢠ ஫쭮 窮   樨  ⮩  ᠬ  㣮 ஫쭮 窨.
᫨ ᫥ ⫠筮 ᡮ 䫠 RF ⠭,  ⫠ ࠡ稪 ⠥  믮 ᡮ , ,   ⪠ ਢ  㣨 ᡮ.   ᫥ ⠪ ᡮ ⠪ ந室  ⠭ 䫠 RF, ⮬ த   ⫠ ᡮ.  頥 䫠 RF ⮫쪮 ᫥ ᯥ譮 襭 .

11.3.1.2  誠 ஫쭮 窨 

᪫祭 ஫쭮 窨  뢠 誮; ..,   ᪫祭  ஫쭮 窨  ᫥ 믮 , 饩  樨   ,  ன ⠭ ஫쭠 窠.
 ᯮ짮 ஫ 祪  ४, ⮡ ⠪  ⠭   LE,  GE ॣ DR7.  ⠭  LE  GE  誠 窨 ⠭  ࠡ뢠  ᫥ 襭 , 믮襩   樨  ,  ன 뫠 ⠭ ஫쭠 窠.  ᮮ饭 믮 ⥬ ਭ㤨⥫쭮  ᯮ⥫ 㫥  襭 뫪 ࠭  । 砫 믮 ᫥饩 . ᫨    㪠 ⮢  ⠭, ஫ 窨    ஢  , ᫥饩  믮襩    ,    ஢ .  ந室 ⮬,  筮 믮  ४뢠  ६  ७ᮬ   . 믮 ᫥饩     襭 権   ।饩 .
᫨ ⫠稪 ॡ ࠭ ᮤন 樨 ஫쭮 窨, 㤠 믮 ,   ࠭ 室 ᮤন  ⠭ ஫쭮 窨. ᪮ ஫ 窨   誠, 室    樨 ᪫祭 誨. ࠡ稪  ᮮ ࠭ 祭 ᫥ ࠡ뢠 ஫쭮 窨.   ⫠ ॣ   ᯮ짮  樨  祭, ᠭ ,  ਢ  ࠡ뢠 ஫쭮 窨.

11.3.1.3   饣 㦥

 饣 㦥 ந室  ⪥ ᯮ짮 ⫠ ॣ஢   ६,   ᯮ ஥ 樥.  ⥫쭠  ࠭   ࠢ  ᥬ ⫠묨 ॣࠬ,    ॡ. ࠡ稪 ᪫祭  㦨  ᫮, ஢ ﭨ  BD ॣ DR6.

11.3.1.4  誠 蠣 믮

 誠 ந室 ᫥ 믮 , ᫨  믮   ⠭ 䫠 TF. ⬥⨬,   ᪫祭  ந室 ᫥ 믮 , ⠭饩 䫠 TF. ਬ, ᫨  POPF ᯮ  ⠭ 䫠 TF,  誠 蠣 믮  ந室  ᫥饩 ᫥ POPF .
 頥 䫠 TF । 맮 ࠡ稪 ᪫祭. ᫨ 䫠 TF  ⠭  TSS  ६ ४祭 ,  ᪫祭  ந ᫥ 믮 ࢮ   .
 蠣 믮  頥   ਢ஢  . ,  INT  䫠 TF. ⥫쭮, ⫠稪 ணࠬ ᯥ祭  蠣 믮   ᯮ  㫨஢  INT n  INTO,   믮  ।⢥.
 㦨 ।  樮 ⥬  ஢ ⥪騩 ஢ ਢ஢ ᫥  蠣 誨, ⮡ ஢,   ⥪饬 ஢ ਢ஢ 蠣 믮   த.
ਮ 뢠 ࠭,   砥 譥 뢠 蠣 믮 ⠭.  譥 뢠  誠 蠣 믮 ந室 ६,  ࠡ뢠 뢠 蠣 믮.  頥 䫠 TF. ᫥ ࠭    ४祭  室 譥 뢠 ᫥  믮 ࢮ  ࠡ稪 蠣 誨. ᫨ 譥 뢠    ࠡ⪨,   㦨. ࠡ稪 譨 뢠  ० 蠣 믮  ࠡ⠥.  믮    蠣 믮 뢠 ࠡ稪 뢠  INT n.

11.3.1.5  誠 ४祭 

⫠筮 ᪫祭 ந室 ⠪ ᫥ ४祭   ⠭  T  TSS  . ᪫祭 ந室 ᫥ । ࠢ  ,  । 믮 ࢮ   . ࠡ稪 ᪫祭  㦨  ᫮, ᫥ ﭨ  BT ॣ DR6.
⬥⨬,  ᫨ ⫠稪 ⫠筮 ᪫祭 ।⠢ ᮡ ,   T   TSS    ⠭. 襭 ⮣ ࠢ  ਢ  横 .

11.3.2  뢠 3 -  ஫쭮 窨

誠 ஫쭮 窨 뢠 믮  INT 3. 筮 ⫠稪 ⠢ ஫ ,     樨   樨  ஫쭮 窨.  믮  INT 3 뢠 ࠡ稪 ᪫祭,   㪠뢠    , ᫥饩   INT 3.
     ।⢮ ப ᯮ  ⠭ ஫ 祪  .  砥  i486   ॠ  ᯮ짮 ⫠ ॣ஢. , ᪫祭 ஫쭮 窨  ᯮ짮  ⠭ ஫ 祪  ⫠稪, ⠪  ᪫祭 ஫쭮 窨   뢠 ࠡ稪 ᪫祭, ⫨  ᠬ ᥡ. ᪫祭 ஫쭮 窨 ⠪   ,  ॡ ⠭  ஫ 祪, 祬  ⫠ ॣ,    饭  室  ࠧࠡ뢠 ணࠬ.
