 ਫ E. ଠ   ᨭ஭
10.1 ஢  ६ 믮  ய i486
 ᫥ ६ 믮  室 㬭 ᫮ ⠪⮢   , ஥ ਢ  ⠡ 10.1 - 10.3,  த⥫쭮  ⠪  (ਬ,    ⠪⮢ ⮩ 25  த⥫쭮 ⠪ ࠢ 40 ).
 祭  ஡ ଠ樨  ஢ , 室   ࠧ 10.2 ஢ .  ⮬ ࠧ ਢ      ண । ਭ樯 ஢   .
।, ᯮ㥬  ᫥ ६ 믮 
ਢ  ⠡   ६ 믮  ய i486 ।,  ࠭  ᠬ  室  -.  ⤥쭮  㪠 ⥫쭮 ("䭮") ६  㯠  , 騬  -. 騩     樥   - ॢ蠥 90%.
⢨   - ⠢ ய i486 믮 横 譥 設.  32-ࠧ來 設 ய i486 । ६ ⠬: r-b-w, :
r - ᫮ ⠪⮢  ࢮ 横 ਧ ⥭   ᫮ ⠪⮢  横 ਧ ⥭.
b - ᫮ ⠪⮢  ண  ᫥ 横 ਧ ⥭.
w - ᫮ ⠪⮢  
  設 ய i486 ন ० 2-1-2  ﭨ  0.   ⠪ 設 㪠 ६  ⥫쭮 ⮫ ⠡ (䭮 ६ 㯠  , 騬  -).    設  㪠 ६  r-2 ⠪  ࢮ 㯠   ᫮. ஬ ⮣,  ६ 믮ﭨ    㣨 䠪.
।, ᯮ㥬  ᫥ ६ 믮 
1.  設 ﭭ 㯭  ⥭  .  ⨢ 砥 室   ६ ⥭ ६  ᢮ 設.
2. ᯮ ࠢ .  ᯮ짮  ࠢ    ⠪.
3.    । ᫥⥫쭮 - 饭   ப. ᫨ ⥭   ந室  ६   ।饩   - ।롮ન , 室 ६     . ᫨  ⥭   ப  த 믮, 室  砭 .
4. ᫨  ᯮ⥫ , ॣ    ࠭-ਥ ।饩 .  ⨢ 砥,  㪠 ६ 室  1 ⠪. ᪫祭 ⠢ 易  POP  PUSH.
5. ᯮ⥫     ॣ ,   ॣ . ᫨  ᫥ ᯮ⥫쭮  ᯮ ॣ ,  ६ 믮    1 ⠪.
6. , ன । ࠢ  १ 室 室  -.  ⨢ 砥 室  r ⠪⮢  㯠   祭 室. ᫨     ᮤন  ࢮ ⠭  ᫮,  ᨬ 3b ⠪. ᫨    ᮤন  ࢮ 16 ⮢ ,  ᨬ r-3b ⠪.
7. ᫨  প  , w ⠪⮢  ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨    .  ࠢ,  砥 ।.
8. 饭  ।⢥ ࠭  ᯮ .  ⨢ 砥  㪠  ⠡ ६   1 ⠪.
9.  横 㫨஢.   ⠪ প   横 㫨஢, ᫨  横 ᮯ୨砥  ७ /譥 設,   486 ⠥ ᯮ짮 .
10. ࠭ ࠭   TLB. ⢨ ࠭  TLB 㤥 뢠  13, 21  28 ⠪⮢  ६ 믮 ,  ᨬ  ⮣,  ⠭  "㯭"  "吝"   ⮣,    室 ࠭ 室 ⠭  .  ।,   室 ࠭ 室   ,  ᡮ ࠭  ந室  ࠭樨 .
11.  믮    ᪫祭.  ।-  ⥫쭮 ६, 室  ࠡ⪨ 뢠,    ६ ࠡ⪨ 뢠.
12. ,  뢠 ᪮쪮 ᫥⥫ ⮢  (.. ४祭 , POPA  ..)  -஬ । 砫 ࢮ 饭  16-⮢ ࠭.  ⨢ 砥    ⥫쭮 ப ,  १ 祣  䭮 ६  -஬    (r-3b) ⠪⮢.
 10.1 ६ 믮  楫᫥ 䬥⨪ ய i486(TM) 
Ŀ
          ଠ                                  ਬ.  
                                                            
Ĵ
                                                       
                                                             
MOV 뫪:                                                      
              Ŀ                             
 ॣ1 -    1000100W 11 reg1 reg2              1              
 ॣ2                                  
              Ŀ                             
 ॣ2 -    1000101w 11 reg1 reg2              1              
 ॣ1                                  
              Ŀ                             
  -      1000101w mod reg r/m               1    2         
 ॣ                                   
              Ŀ                             
 ॣ -     1000100w mod reg r/m               1              
                                     
              Ŀ।-                  
 ⠭ -   1100011w 11000   reg         1              
 ॣ                             
                                                                 
              Ŀ  ।⢥                        
               1011w reg                     1              
                                                        
              Ŀ।-                  
 ⠭ -   1100011w mod 000 r/m         1              
                               
              Ŀ                                          
  -      1010000w   ᬥ饭           1              
 㬬 (AX)                                          
              Ŀ                                          
 㬬 (AX) 1010001w   ᬥ饭           1    2         
 -                                                
                                                                    
MOVSX/MOVZX = 뫪  ७ /                    
              Ŀ                 
 ॣ1 -    00001111  1011z11w  11 reg1 reg2  3              
 ॣ2     ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
  -      00001111  1011z11w  mod reg r/m   3    2         
 ॣ      ٳ                 
                                                       
 z                                                           
                                                       
 0  MOVZX                                                           
 1  MOVSX                                                           
                                                       
                                                                    
PUSH ᥭ  ⥪                                               
              Ŀ                             
 ॣ       11111111  11 110 reg               4              
                                           
              Ŀ                                          
            01010 reg                           1              
                                                        
              Ŀ                             
         11111111 mod 110 r/m               4    1     1   
                                           
              Ŀ                                          
 ⠭     011010s0  ।⢥    1              
                                                        
PUSHA =   ⥪                                           
              Ŀ                                          
               01100000                           11              
                                                        
POP  ⠭  ⥪                                          
              Ŀ                             
 ॣ       10001111  11 000 reg               4    1         
                                           
              Ŀ                                          
            01011 reg                           1    2         
                                                        
              Ŀ                             
         10001111 mod 000 r/m               5    2     1   
                                           
POPA  = ⠭  ⥪                                    
              Ŀ                                          
               01100000                            9   7/1  16/32 
                                                        
XCHG =  ᮤন                                          
              Ŀ                             
 ॣ1 -    1000011w 11 reg1 reg2              3          2   
 ॣ2                                  
              Ŀ                                          
 㬬 (AX) 10010 reg                           3          2   
 ॣ                                                
              Ŀ                             
  -      1000011w mod reg r/m               5          2   
 ॣ                                   
NOP =  樨                                                  
              Ŀ                                          
               10010000                            1              
                                                        
LEA = 㧨 EA  ॣ                                        
              Ŀ                             
               10001101 mod reg r/m                              
                                           
  ᯮ짮 ᭮ ॣ               1              
  ᯮ짮 ᭮ ॣ                2              
                         
                                TTT                          
                         
 ADD                           000                          
 ADC     ७ᮬ            010                          
 AND   ᪮                     100                          
 OR    ᪮                   001                          
 SUB   ⠭                       101                          
 SBB   ⠭                011                          
 XOR   ᪮        110                          
                         
              Ŀ                             
ॣ1 -     00TTT00w 11 reg1 reg2              1              
ॣ2                                   
              Ŀ                             
ॣ2 -     00TTT01w 11 reg1 reg2              1              
ॣ1                                   
              Ŀ                             
 -       00TTT01w mod reg r/m               2    2         
ॣ                                    
              Ŀ                             
ॣ -      00TTT00w mod reg r/m               3   6/2   U/L  
                                     
              Ŀ।-                  
⠭ -    100000sw  11 TTT reg         1              
ॣ                              
              Ŀ                                          
⠭ -    00TTT10w  ।⢥    1              
㬬 (AX)                                           
              Ŀ।-                  
⠭ -    100000sw mod TTT r/m         3   6/2   U/L  
                               
                         
                                TTT                          
                         
 INC   祭  1                 000                          
 DEC   襭  1                 001                          
                         
              Ŀ                             
ॣ        1111111w  11 TTT reg               1              
                                           
              Ŀ                                          
            01TTTreg                            1              
                                                        
              Ŀ                             
         1111111w mod TTT r/m               3   6/2   U/L  
                                           
                         
                                TTT                          
                         
 NOT   ᪮ 栭 () 010                          
 NEG                     011                          
                         
              Ŀ                             
ॣ        1111011w  11 TTT reg               1              
                                           
              Ŀ                             
         1111011w mod TTT r/m               3   6/2   U/L  
                                           
CMP = ࠢ                                                     
              Ŀ                             
ॣ1 -     0011100w 11 reg1 reg2              1              
ॣ2                                   
              Ŀ                             
ॣ2 -     0011101w 11 reg1 reg2              1              
ॣ1                                   
              Ŀ                             
 -       0011100w mod reg r/m               2    2         
ॣ                                    
              Ŀ                             
ॣ -      0011101w mod reg r/m               2    2         
                                     
              Ŀ।-                  
⠭ -    100000sw  11 111 reg         1              
ॣ                              
              Ŀ                                          
⠭ -    0011110w  ।⢥    1              
㬬 (AX)                                           
              Ŀ।-                  
⠭ -    100000sw mod 111 r/m         2    2         
                               
                                                                    
TEST = ᪮ ࠢ                                         
              Ŀ                             
ॣ1 -     1000010w 11 reg1 reg2              1              
ॣ2                                   
              Ŀ                             
 -       1000010w mod reg r/m               2    2         
ॣ                                    
              Ŀ।-                  
⠭ -    1111011w  11 000 reg         1              
ॣ                              
              Ŀ                                          
⠭ -    1010100w  ।⢥    1              
㬬 (AX)                                           
              Ŀ।-                  
⠭ -    1111011w mod 000 r/m         2    2         
                               
                                                                    
MUL =  ( )                                         
              Ŀ                             
㬬 (AX)  1111011w  11 100 reg                              
ॣ                                    
 ⥫-                                  13/18     MN/MX,3
            -                                 13/26     MN/MX,3
            - ᫮                         13/42     MN/MX,3
              Ŀ                             
㬬 (AX)  1111011w mod 100 r/m                              
                                     
 ⥫-                                  13/18  1  MN/MX,3
            -                                 13/26  1  MN/MX,3
            - ᫮                         13/42  1  MN/MX,3
                                                                    
IMUL = ᫥ 㬭 ( )                          
              Ŀ                             
㬬 (AX)  1111011w  11 101 reg                              
ॣ                                    
 ⥫-                                  13/18     MN/MX,3
            -                                 13/26     MN/MX,3
            - ᫮                         13/42     MN/MX,3
              Ŀ                             
㬬 (AX)  1111011w mod 101 r/m                              
                                     
 ⥫-                                  13/18     MN/MX,3
            -                                 13/26     MN/MX,3
            - ᫮                         13/42     MN/MX,3
              Ŀ                 
ॣ1       00001111  10101111 11 reg1 reg2                  
ॣ2      ٳ                 
 ⥫-                                  13/18     MN/MX,3
            -                                 13/26     MN/MX,3
            - ᫮                         13/42     MN/MX,3
              Ŀ                 
ॣ1       00001111  10101111  mod 101 r/m                  
        ٳ                 
 ⥫-                                  13/18  1  MN/MX,3
            -                                 13/26  1  MN/MX,3
            - ᫮                         13/42  1  MN/MX,3
ॣ     Ŀ।-                  
⠭      1111011w  11 100 reg                        
 ॣ                            
 ⥫-                                  13/18     MN/MX,3
            -                                 13/26     MN/MX,3
            - ᫮                         13/42     MN/MX,3
      Ŀ।-                  
⠭      1111011w  11 100 reg                        
 ॣ                            
 ⥫-                                  13/18  2  MN/MX,3
            -                                 13/26  2  MN/MX,3
            - ᫮                         13/42  2  MN/MX,3
                                                                    
DIV =  ( )                                           
              Ŀ                             
㬬 (AX)  1111011w  11 110 reg                              
ॣ                                    
 ⥫ -                                     16              
          -                                    24              
          - ᫮                            40              
              Ŀ                             
㬬 (AX)  1111011w mod 110 r/m                              
                                     
 ⥫ -                                     16              
          -                                    24              
          - ᫮                            40              
                                                                    
IDIV = ᫥  ( )                            
              Ŀ                             
㬬 (AX)  1111011w  11 111 reg                              
ॣ                                    
 ⥫ -                                     19              
          -                                    27              
          - ᫮                            43              
              Ŀ                             
㬬 (AX)  1111011w mod 111 r/m                              
                                     
 ⥫ -                                     20              
          -                                    28              
          - ᫮                            44              
                                                                    
CBW ८⠧                                       
              Ŀ                                          
               10011000                           3               
                                                        
                                                                    
CWD ८⠧    ᫮                            
              Ŀ                                          
               10011001                           3               
                                                        
                         
                                TTT                          
                         
 ROL   ᪨ ᤢ          000                          
 ROR   ᪨ ᤢ ࠢ        001                          
 RCL   ᪨ ᤢ                                       
       १  ७              010                          
 RCR   ᪨ ᤢ ࠢ                                     
       १  ७              011                          
 SHL/SHA ᪨/䬥᪨                                  
       ᤢ                      100                          
 SHR   ᪨ ᤢ ࠢ         101                          
 SAR   䬥᪨ ᤢ ࠢ     111                          
                         
                                                                    
 १  ७ (ROL, ROR, SAL, SAR, SHL,                     
                                           SHR)                    
              Ŀ                             
ॣ  1   1101000w  11 TTT reg               3              
                                           
              Ŀ                             
  1    1101000w mod TTT r/m               4    6         
                                           
              Ŀ                             
ॣ  CL  1101001w  11 TTT reg               3              
                                           
              Ŀ                             
  CL   1101001w mod TTT r/m               4    6         
                                           
              Ŀ ।-                 
ॣ      1100000w  11 TTT reg   -  2              
⠭       (8 )                 
              Ŀ ।-                 
       1100000w mod TTT r/m   -  4    6         
⠭       (8 )                 
                                                                    
१  ७ (RL, RR)                                       
              Ŀ                             
ॣ  1   1101000w  11 TTT reg               3              
                                           
              Ŀ                             
  1    1101000w mod TTT r/m               4    6         
                                           
              Ŀ                             
ॣ  CL  1101001w  11 TTT reg             8/30      MN/MX,4
                                           
              Ŀ                             
  CL   1101001w mod TTT r/m             9/31      MN/MX,5
                                           
              Ŀ ।-                 
ॣ      1100000w  11 TTT reg   -8/30      MN/MX,4
⠭       (8 )                 
                         
                                TTT                          
                         
 SHLD   ᤢ              100                          
 SHRD   ᤢ ࠢ            101                          
                         
              Ŀ                 
ॣ        00001111  10TTT100 11 reg2 reg1   2              
⠭     ٳ                 
              ।⢥  ( 8  )                     
              Ŀ                 
         00001111  10TTT101  mod reg r/m   3    6         
⠭     ٳ                 
              ।⢥  ( 8  )                     
              Ŀ                 
ॣ  CL  00001111  10TTT101 11 reg2 reg1   3              
              ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
  CL   00001111  10TTT101  mod reg r/m   4    5         
              ٳ                 
BSWAP =  ⠬                                       
              Ŀ                             
               00001111  11001 reg                               
                                           
XADD =   ᫮                                           
              Ŀ                 
ॣ1       00001111  1100000w 11 reg2 reg1   3              
ॣ2      ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
         00001111  1100000w  mod reg r/m   4   6/2   U/L  
ॣ       ٳ                 
                                                                    
CMPXCHG = ࠢ                                         
              Ŀ                 
ॣ1       00001111  1011000w 11 reg2 reg1   6              
ॣ2      ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
         00001111  1011000w  mod reg r/m 7/10   2     6   
ॣ       ٳ                 
                                                                    
   ( ᥣ)                       
: ६ 믮 㪠 ᫥騬                      
            ࠧ: 室 믮/ 믮                   
                                                                    
Jccc = 室  ᫮ ccc                                       
              Ŀ                             
8-ࠧ來    0111tttn  8-ࠧ.ᬥ.             3/1      T/NT,23
ᬥ饭                                   
              Ŀ                             
         00001111   1000111n         3/1      T/NT,23
ᬥ饭       ᬥ饭                    
                                                                    
: ६ 믮 㪠 ᫥騬                      
            ࠧ: 室 믮/ 믮                   
                                                                    
Sccc = ⠭   ᫮ (६ 믮                 
       㪠 ᫥騬 ࠧ ⨭/)                       
              Ŀ                 
ॣ        00001111   1001tttn  11 000 reg  4/3             
              ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
         00001111   1001tttn mod 000 r/m  3/4             
              ٳ                 
                         
       ᫮               tttn                          
                                                                
                         
 O       ९                   0000                        
 NO       ९               0001                        
 B/NAE   /    ࠢ        0010                        
 NB/AE    /  ࠢ         0011                        
 E/Z     /                     0100                        
 NE/NZ    ࠢ/                0101                        
 BE/NA     ࠢ/          0110                        
 NBE/A       ࠢ/        0111                        
 S                                  1000                        
 NS      ⢨                1001                        
 P/PE    ⭮                       1010                        
 NP/PO   ⢨ ⭮/⭮ 1011                        
 L/NGE   /    ࠢ    1100                        
 NL/GE    /  ࠢ     1101                        
 LE/NG     ࠢ/      1110                        
 NLE/G       ࠢ/    1111                        
                         
                                                                    
LOOP =  CX ࠧ                                                  
              Ŀ                             
               11100010  8-ࠧ.ᬥ.             7/6      L/NL,23
                                           
LOOPZ/LOOPE =   㫥/ࠢ⢮                               
              Ŀ                             
               11100001  8-ࠧ.ᬥ.             9/6      L/NL,23
                                           
LOOPNZ/LOOPNE =   /ࠢ⢠                              
              Ŀ                             
               11100000  8-ࠧ.ᬥ.             9/6      L/NL,23
                                           
JCXZ = 室, ᫨ CX = 0                                         
              Ŀ                             
               11100011  8-ࠧ.ᬥ.             8/5      T/NT,23
                                           
JECXZ = 室, ᫨ ECX = 0                                       
              Ŀ                             
               11100011  8-ࠧ.ᬥ.             8/5      T/NT,23
                                           
( JCXZ  JECXZ ⫨ 䨪ᮬ ࠧ                  
                                        ᥣ)                   
JMP = ᫮ 室 ( ᥣ)                         
              Ŀ                             
⪨       11101011  8-ࠧ.ᬥ.              3         7,23 
                                           
              Ŀ                                          
אַ         11101011   ᬥ饭           3         7,23 
                                                        
              Ŀ                             
ᢥ      11111111  11 100 reg               5         7,23 
 (ॣ)                                 
              Ŀ                             
ᢥ      11111111 mod 100 r/m               5    5     7   
  ()                                 
                                                                    
CALL = 맮 ( ᥣ)                                      
              Ŀ                                          
אַ         11101011   ᬥ饭           3         7,23 
                                                        
              Ŀ                             
ᢥ      11111111  11 010 reg               5         7,23 
 (ॣ)                                 
              Ŀ                             
ᢥ      11111111 mod 010 r/m               5    5     7   
  ()                                 
                                                                    
RET =   CALL ( ᥣ)                             
              Ŀ                                          
               11000011                            5    5         
                                                        
              Ŀ                             
   11000010 16-ࠧ.ᬥ.              5    5         
⠭  SP                             
                                                                    
ENTER = 室  楤                                            
              Ŀ                             
               11001000 16-ࠧ.ᬥ.                             
                        8-ࠧ. ஢.                             
                                           
 ஢ = 0                                        14              
 ஢ = 1                                        17              
 ஢(L) > 1                                    17+3L        8   
                                                                    
LEAVE =   楤                                        
              Ŀ                                          
               11001001                            5    1         
                                                        
                                  
                                                                    
MOV = 뫪                                                     
              Ŀ                            
ॣ -      10001110 11 sreg3 reg             3/9  0/3 RV/P,9 
ᥣ. ॣ                              
              Ŀ                            
 -       10001110 mod sreg3 r/m            3/9  2/5 RV/P,9 
ᥣ. ॣ                              
              Ŀ                            
ᥣ. ॣ-  10001110 11 sreg3 reg              3              
ॣ                                   
              Ŀ                            
ᥣ.ॣ-   10001100 mod sreg3 r/m             3              
                                    
                                                                    
PUSH = ᥭ  ⥪                                             
              Ŀ                                         
ᥣ. ॣ  000sreg2110                          3              
(ES,CS,SS,DS)                                          
              Ŀ                            
ᥣ.ॣ    00001111 10 sreg3 000              3              
(FS  GS)                               
                                                                    
POP = ⠭  ⥪                                       
              Ŀ                                         
ᥣ. ॣ  000sreg2111                         3/9  2/5 RV/P,9 
(ES,CS,SS,DS)                                          
              Ŀ                            
ᥣ.ॣ    00001111 10 sreg3 001             3/9  2/5 RV/P,9 
(FS  GS)                               
                                                                    
LDS = 㧪 㪠⥫  DS                                       
              Ŀ                            
               11000101  mod reg r/m            6/12 7/10 RV/P,9 
                                          
LES = 㧪 㪠⥫  ES                                       
              Ŀ                            
               11000100  mod reg r/m            6/12 7/10 RV/P,9 
                                          
LFS = 㧪 㪠⥫  FS                                       
              Ŀ                 
               00001111   10110100 mod reg r/m 6/12 7/10 RV/P,9 
              ٳ                 
LGS = 㧪 㪠⥫  GF                                       
              Ŀ                 
               00001111   10110101 mod reg r/m 6/12 7/10 RV/P,9 
              ٳ                 
LSS = 㧪 㪠⥫  SS                                       
              Ŀ                 
               00001111   10110010 mod reg r/m 6/12 7/10 RV/P,9 
              ٳ                 
                                                                    
CALL = 맮                                                        
              Ŀ                                          
אַ ᥣ 10011010          18    2  R,7,22 
               ᬥ饭, ᥫ                       
     ஢                                  20    3    P,9  
     ஢ १                        35    6    P,9  
   ७ ஢  ࠬ஢              69   17    P,9  
   ७ ஢  x ࠬࠬ                      
                                    ᫮   77+4x17-n P,11,9 
   TSS                                           37+TS  3  P,10,9 
  १                                 38+TS  3  P,10,9 
              Ŀ                            
ᢥ      11111111  mod 011 r/m             17    8    R,7  
   ᥣ                                
     ஢                                 20   10    P,9  
     ஢ १                       35   13    P,9  
   ७ ஢  ࠬ஢              69   24    P,9  
   ७ ஢  x ࠬࠬ                      
                                    ᫮   77+4x24-n P,11,9 
   TSS                                           37+TS 10  P,10,9 
  १                                 38+TS 10  P,10,9 
                                                                    
RET = 室  CALL                                                 
              Ŀ                                          
         11001011                           13    8    R,7  
     ᥣ                                           
     ஢                                 17    9    P,9  
   譨 ஢                                35   12    P,9  
        Ŀ                            
㣬      11001010 16-ࠧ. ᬥ.            14    8    R,7  
                               
⠭  SP                                                      
     ஢                                 18    9    P,9  
   譨 ஢                                36   12    P,9  
                                                                    
JMP = ᫮ 室                                           
              Ŀ                                          
אַ   10011010          17    2  R,7,22 
  ᥣ     ᬥ饭, ᥫ                       
     ஢                                  19    3    P,9  
     ஢ १                        32    6    P,9  
   TSS                                           42+TS  3  P,10,9 
  १                                 43+TS  3  P,10,9 
ᢥ     Ŀ                            
         11111111  mod 011 r/m             13    9   R,7,9 
ᥣ                                  
     ஢                                  18   10    P,9  
     ஢ १                        31   13    P,9  
   TSS                                           41+TS 10  P,10,9 
  १                                 42+TS 10  P,10,9 
                                                                    
                                             
                                                                    
BT = ஢ઠ ⮢                                                 
              Ŀ                 
ॣ        00001111  10111010  11 100 reg    3              
⠭     ٳ                 
              ।⢥  ( 8  )                     
              Ŀ                 
         00001111  10111010  mod 100 r/m   3              
⠭     ٳ                 
              ।⢥  ( 8  )                     
              Ŀ                 
ॣ1       00001111  10100011 11 reg2 reg1   3              
ॣ2      ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
         00001111  10100011  mod reg r/m   8    2         
ॣ       ٳ                 
                         
                                TTT                          
                         
 BTS   ஢ઠ  ⠭        101                          
 BTR   ஢ઠ              110                          
 BTC   ஢ઠ           111                          
                         
              Ŀ                 
ॣ        00001111  10111010  11 TTT reg    6              
⠭     ٳ                 
              ।⢥  ( 8  )                     
              Ŀ                 
         00001111  10111010  mod TTT r/m   8   2/0   U/L  
⠭     ٳ                 
              ।⢥  ( 8  )                     
              Ŀ                 
ॣ1       00001111  10TTT011 11 reg2 reg1   6              
ॣ2      ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
         00001111  10TTT011  mod reg r/m  13   3/1   U/L  
ॣ       ٳ                 
                                                                    
BSF = אַ ᪠஢ ⮢                                     
              Ŀ                 
ॣ1       00001111  10111100 11 reg2 reg1 6/42      MN/MX, 
ॣ2      ٳ               12
              Ŀ                 
         00001111  10111100  mod reg r/m 7/43   2  MN/MX, 
ॣ       ٳ               13
                                                                    
BSF = ⭮ ᪠஢ ⮢                                   
              Ŀ                 
ॣ1       00001111  10111101 11 reg2 reg1 6/103     MN/MX, 
ॣ2      ٳ               14
              Ŀ                 
         00001111  10111101  mod reg r/m 7/104  2  MN/MX, 
ॣ       ٳ               15
                                                                    
                                             
                                                                    
CMPS = ࠢ /                                        
              Ŀ                                          
               1010011w                            8    6     16  
                                                        
LOADS = 㧪 /   AL/AX/EAX                           
              Ŀ                                          
               1010110w                            5    2         
                                                        
MOVS = 뫪 /                                        
              Ŀ                                          
               1010010w                            7    2     10  
                                                        
SCAS = ஢ /                                     
              Ŀ                                          
               1010111w                            6    2         
                                                        
STOS = ࠭ /   AL/AX/EAX                         
              Ŀ                                          
               1010011w                            5              
                                                        
XLAT = ४஢ ப                                       
              Ŀ                                          
               11010111                            4    2         
                                                        
                                                                    
                                
                                                                    
稪 ७  CX  ECX                                     
(  - ᮤন 稪 CX  ECX )                              
                                                                    
REPE CMPS = ࠢ ப ( ᮢ)                   
              Ŀ                               
               11110011  1010011w                                
                                             
  C = 0                                              5              
  C > 0                                            7+7c       16,17 
                                                                    
REPNE CMPS = ࠢ ப ( ᮢ)                    
              Ŀ                               
               11110010  1010011w                                
                                             
  C = 0                                              5              
  C > 0                                            7+7c       16,17 
                                                                    
REP LODS = 㧪 ப                                          
              Ŀ                               
               11110010  1010110w                                
                                             
  C = 0                                              5              
  C > 0                                            7+4c       16,18 
                                                                    
REP MOVS = 뫪 ப                                         
              Ŀ                               
               11110010  1010010w                                
                                             
  C = 0                                              5              
  C = 1                                             13         16   
  C > 0                                            12+3c      16,19 
                                                                    
REPE SCAS = ஢ ப                                     
            ( ᮢ  AL/AX/EAX)                        
              Ŀ                               
               11110011  1010111w                                
                                             
  C = 0                                              5              
  C > 0                                            7+5c        20   
                                                                    
REPNE SCAS = ஢ ப                                    
            ( ᮢ  AL/AX/EAX)                          
              Ŀ                               
               11110010  1010111w                                
                                             
  C = 0                                              5              
  C > 0                                            7+5c        20   
                                                                    
REPE STOS = ࠭ ப                                        
              Ŀ                               
               11110010  1010101w                                
                                             
  C = 0                                              5              
  C > 0                                            7+4c             
                                                                    
                                                    
                                                                    
CLC =  䫠 ७                                          
              Ŀ                                          
               11111000                            2              
                                                        
STC = ⠭ 䫠 ७                                      
              Ŀ                                          
               11111001                            2              
                                                        
CMC = ஢ 䫠 ७                                 
              Ŀ                                          
               11110101                            2              
                                                        
CLD =  䫠 ࠢ                                       
              Ŀ                                          
               11111100                            2              
                                                        
STD = ⠭ 䫠 ࠢ                                   
              Ŀ                                          
               11111101                            2              
                                                        
CLI =  䫠  뢠                            
              Ŀ                                          
               11111010                            5              
                                                        
STI = ⠭ 䫠  뢠                        
              Ŀ                                          
               11111011                            5              
                                                        
LAHF = 㧪 䫠  ॣ AH                                 
              Ŀ                                          
               10011111                            3              
                                                        
SAHF =  ᮤন AH  ॣ 䫠                       
              Ŀ                                          
               10011110                            2              
                                                        
PUSHF = ࠭ 䫠  ⥪                                   
              Ŀ                                          
               10011100                           4/3       RV/P  
                                                        
POPF = ⠭ 䫠  ⥪                               
              Ŀ                                          
               10011101                           9/6       RV/P  
                                                        
                                                                    
                                                
                                                                    
AAA = ASCII-४ ᫥ ᫮                                
              Ŀ                                          
               00110111                            3              
                                                        
AAS = ASCII-४ ᫥ ⠭                               
              Ŀ                                          
               00111111                            3              
                                                        
AAM = ASCII-४ ᫥ 㬭                              
              Ŀ                               
               11010100  00001010                15              
                                             
AAD = ASCII-४ ।                                  
              Ŀ                               
               11010101  00001010                14              
                                             
DAA = 筠 ४ ᫥ ᫮                           
              Ŀ                                          
               00100111                            2              
                                                        
DAS = 筠 ४ ᫥ ⠭                          
              Ŀ                                          
               00101111                            2              
                                                        
                                                                    
                                        
                                                                    
HLT = ⠭                                                       
              Ŀ                                          
               00101111                            4              
                                                        
MOV = 뫪  ॣ஢   ॣ                          
      ࠢ/⫠/஢ન                                   
              Ŀ                 
  CRO       00001111  00100010   11 000 reg  17              
 ॣ     ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
  CR2/CR3   00001111  00100010   11  reg   4              
 ॣ     ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
  ॣ   00001111  00100000   11  reg   4              
 CRO-3        ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
  DR0-3     00001111  00100011   11  reg  10              
 ॣ     ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
  DR6-7     00001111  00100011   11  reg  10              
 ॣ     ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
  ॣ   00001111  00100001   11  reg   9              
 DR6-7        ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
  ॣ   00001111  00100001   11  reg   9              
 DR0-3        ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
  TR3       00001111  00100110   11 011 reg   4              
 ॣ     ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
  TR4-7     00001111  00100110   11  reg   4              
 ॣ     ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
  ॣ   00001111  00100010   11 011 reg   3              
 TR3          ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
  ॣ   00001111  00100100   11  reg   4              
 TR4-7        ٳ                 
                                                                    
CLTS =  䫠 ४祭                               
              Ŀ                               
               00001111  00000110                 7    2         
                                             
INVD =                                               
              Ŀ                               
               00001111  00001000                 4              
                                             
WBINVD = १                                 
              Ŀ                               
               00001111  00001001                 5              
                                             
INVLPG =   TLB                                           
              Ŀ                 
  INVLPG 00001111  00000001  mod 111 r/m 12/11            
              ٳ                 
                                                                    
                                                     
                                                                    
䨪 ࠧ                                               
              Ŀ                                          
               01100111                            1              
                                                        
LOCK = 䨪 ஢ 設                                    
              Ŀ                                          
               11110000                            1              
                                                        
䨪 ࠧ ࠭                                            
              Ŀ                                          
               01100110                            1              
                                                        
䨪 ८। ᥣ                                    
              Ŀ                                          
  CS           00101110                            1              
                                                        
              Ŀ                                          
  DS           00111110                            1              
                                                        
              Ŀ                                          
  ES           00100110                            1              
                                                        
              Ŀ                                          
  FS           01100100                            1              
                                                        
              Ŀ                                          
  GS           01100101                            1              
                                                        
              Ŀ                                          
  SS           00110110                            1              
                                                        
                                                                    
                                                   
                                                                    
ARPL = ४ 襭 ஢                                
                             ॢ஢                    
              Ŀ                             
   ॣ  01100011 11 reg1 reg2              9              
                                           
              Ŀ                             
       01100011 mod reg r/m               9              
                                           
LAR = 㧪 ࠢ 㯠                                         
              Ŀ                 
   ॣ  00001111  00000010  11 reg1 reg2 11    3         
              ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
       00001111  00000010  mod reg r/m  11    5         
              ٳ                 
LGDT = 㧪 쭮 ਯ                             
              Ŀ                 
  ॣ      00001111  00000001  mod 010 r/m  12    5         
  ⠡     ٳ                 
                                                                    
LIDT = 㧪 ਯ 뢠                              
              Ŀ                 
  ॣ      00001111  00000001  mod 011 r/m  12    5         
  ⠡     ٳ                 
                                                                    
LLDT = 㧪 쭮 ਯ                              
  ॣ     Ŀ                 
  ⠡      00001111  00000000   11 010 reg  11    3         
   ॣ ٳ                 
  ॣ     Ŀ                 
  ⠡      00001111  00000000  mod 010 r/m  11    6         
      ٳ                 
                                                                    
LMSW = 㧪 ᫮ ﭨ 設                              
              Ŀ                 
   ॣ  00001111  00000001   11 110 reg  13              
              ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
       00001111  00000001  mod 110 r/m  13    1         
              ٳ                 
LSL = 㧪 ࠭ ᥣ                                     
              Ŀ                 
   ॣ  00001111  00000011  11 reg1 reg2 10    3         
              ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
       00001111  00000011  mod reg r/m  10    6         
              ٳ                 
LTR = 㧪 ॣ                                       
              Ŀ                 
   ॣ  00001111  00000000   11 001 reg  20              
              ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
       00001111  00000000  mod 001 r/m  20              
              ٳ                 
SGDT = ࠭ ⠡  ਯ஢                   
              Ŀ                 
               00001111  00000001  mod 000 r/m  10              
              ٳ                 
                                                                    
SIDT = ࠭ ⠡ ਯ஢ 뢠                   
              Ŀ                 
               00001111  00000001  mod 001 r/m  10              
              ٳ                 
                                                                    
SLDT = ࠭ ⠡  ਯ஢                    
              Ŀ                 
   ॣ   00001111  00000000   11 000 reg   2              
              ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
        00001111  00000000  mod 000 r/m   3              
              ٳ                 
                                                                    
SMSW = ࠭ ᫮ ﭨ 設                            
              Ŀ                 
   ॣ   00001111  00000001   11 100 reg   2              
              ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
        00001111  00000001  mod 100 r/m   3    1         
              ٳ                 
STR = ࠭ ॣ                                     
              Ŀ                 
   ॣ   00001111  00000000   11 001 reg   2              
              ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
        00001111  00000000  mod 001 r/m   3              
              ٳ                 
VERR = ஢ઠ  ⥭                                  
              Ŀ                 
  ॣ      00001111  00000000   11 100 r/m  11    3         
              ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
         00001111  00000000  mod 100 r/m  11    7         
              ٳ                 
VERW = ஢ઠ                                    
              Ŀ                 
   ॣ    00001111  00000000   11 101 reg  11    3         
              ٳ                 
              Ŀ                 
        00001111  00000000  mod 101 r/m  11    7         
              ٳ                 
                                                                    
                                                   
                                                                    
INT n = 뢠 ⨯ n                                           
              Ŀ                             
               11001101     ⨯                 INT+      RV/P,21
                            4/0            
INT 3 = 뢠 ⨯ 3                                           
              Ŀ                                          
               11001100                          INT+0        21  
                                                        
INT0 = 뢠 4, ᫨ 䫠                                      
                      ९ ⠭                       
              Ŀ                                          
               11001110                                           
                                                        
  믮                                        INT+2        21  
   믮                                       3          21  
                                                                    
BOUND = 뢠 5, ᫨  ᨢ 室                   
                                    ࠭                       
              Ŀ                             
               01100010 mod reg r/m                              
                                           
   室  ࠭                             7    7     21  
  室  ࠭                               INT+   7     21  
                                                     24             
IRET =   뢠                                        
              Ŀ                                          
               11001111                                           
                                                        
   ०/饭 ०                   15    8         
  饭 ०                                                  
        ஢                              20   11    9    
      譨 ஢                             36   19    9    
        (EFLAGS.NT = 1)           TS+32  4   9,10  
                                                                    
譥 뢠                                 INT+        21   
                                                     11             
NMI = ᪨㥬 뢠                     INT+3       21   
                                                                    
⢨ ࠭                                INT+        21   
                                                      24            
᪫祭 VM86                                                     
  CLI                                              INT+8       21   
  STI                                              INT+8       21   
  INT n                                            INT+9            
  PUSHF                                            INT+9       21   
  POPF                                             INT+8       21   
  IRET                                             INT+9            
  IN                                                                
     ஢                             INT+        21   
                                                      50            
     ६                                INT+        21   
                                                      51            
  OUT                                                               
     ஢                             INT+        21   
                                                      50            
     ६                                INT+        21   
                                                      51            
  INS                                              INT+        21   
                                                      50            
  OUTS                                             INT+        21   
                                                      50            
  REPINS                                           INT+        21   
                                                      51            
  REPOUTS                                          INT+        21   
                                                      51            


Ŀ
      ᫠ ⠪⮢ ᨭ஭樨  ४祭         
Ĵ
                                              祭  TS         
            ⮤                   Ĵ
                                                         
Ĵ
 VM/486 /286 TSS  486  TSS         162               55       
 VM/486 /286 TSS  286 TSS             143               31       
 VM/486 /286 TSS  VM TSS              140               37       


Ŀ
           ᫠ ⠪⮢ ᨭ஭樨  뢠            
Ĵ
                                          祭  뢠     
            ⮤                   Ĵ
                                               ਬ.  
Ĵ
  ०                          26         2               
                                                                    
 饭 ०                                                   
   뢠/ 誨,                                         
                      ஢       44         6         9     
   뢠/ 誨,                                         
                    㣮 ஢       71         17        9     
                            37 + TS       3        9,10   
                                                                    
 㠫 ०                                                  
   뢠/ 誨,                                         
                    㣮 ஢       82         17              
                            37 + TS       3         10    


饭    祭
16/32         16/32-ࠧ來 ०
U/L           ࠧ஢/஢
MN/MX         /ᨬ
L/NL          横/ 横
RV/P          ॠ  㠫 ०/饭 ०
R             ॠ ०
P             饭 ०
T/NT          믮/ 믮
H/NH          ᮢ/ ᮢ

:
1. ।,   ࠭   ⥪    ࠧ  .
2. ᥣ ஢,     .
3.  = 10+max(log/2(mod(m)),n)
      m =  祭 ⥫ ( min ⠪⮢  m = 0 )
      n =  3/5  +/-m
4.  = { ᫮/ ࠭ } * 7 + 9
         = 8 ᫨ ᫮ <  ࠭ (8/16/32)
5.  = { ᫮/ ࠭ } * 7 + 9
         = 9 ᫨ ᫮ <  ࠭ (8/16/32)
6. 砨 ࠢ/ ࠢ ( ⥫쭮 ६  ⢨    ᨬ  ஢ ).
7. ।,    ⥭   (  ᢥ 樨 ), ᥭ  ⥪/㤠  ⥪  ⢨    ࠧ  .
8. ⥫쭮 ६  ⢨   :  ⠪⮢ ᨭ஭樨   16 ⮢, 㥬    ⥪.
9.  11 ⠪⮢ ᨭ஭樨  㧪  㯭 ਯ.
10. 뫪  ⠡ ᫠ ⠪⮢ ᨭ஭樨  ४祭   । 祭 TS.
11.  4 譨 ⠪ ᨭ஭樨  ⥫쭮 ६  ⢨      16 .
 ਬ砭 12-13: (b = 0-3,  㫥 );
                      (i = 0-1,  㫥 㡠);
                      (n = 0-3,  㫥   㡠);
12.  = 8 + 4(b + 1) + 3(i+1) + 3(n+1)
          = 6, ᫨ ன ࠭ = 0
13.  = 9 + 4(b + 1) + 3(i+1) + 3(n+1)
          = 7, ᫨ ன ࠭ = 0
 ਬ砭 14-15: (n =   0-31)
14.  = 7 + 3(32 - n)
          = 6, ᫨ ன ࠭ = 0
15.  = 8 + 3(32 - n)
          = 7, ᫨ ன ࠭ = 0
16. ।,    ப    ࠧ  .
17. ⥫쭮 ६  ⢨   :  6 ⠪⮢ ᨭ஭樨   16 ࠢ ⮢.  ⥫쭮 ६ ⢨⥫쭮 ⮫쪮  ࢮ ࠢ.
18. ⥫쭮 ६  ⢨   :  2 ⠪ ᨭ஭樨   16 ⮢ .  ⥫쭮 ६ ⢨⥫쭮 ⮫쪮  ࢮ 㧪.
19. ⥫쭮 ६  ⢨   :  4 ⠪ ᨭ஭樨   16 뫠 ⮢. ( 1 ⠪  ࢮ  3  ன 権 ).
20. ⥫쭮 ६  ⢨   :  4 ⠪ ᨭ஭樨   16 ᪠㥬 ⮢. ( 2 ⠪  ࢮ   ன 権 ).
21. 뫪  ⠡ ᫠ ⠪⮢ ᨭ஭樨 뢠  । 祭 INT.
22. ᫮ ⠪⮢ 砥  ⠪  ᮢ⭮ ᯮ짮 ᬥ饭  ।⢥ ࠭.
23. 뫪  । 6  砥 ⢨   .
 10.2 ६ 믮  /뢮 ய i486(TM) Ŀ
                                          ..            
                        .० ० .ਬ.
                                     ०(CPL< (CPL> ०       
                                          IOPL) IOPL)             
Ĵ
 /                                              
                                                                  
IN =  :                                                     
            Ŀ                             
 ஢- 1110010w    14    9     29   27         
     ٳ                             
            Ŀ                                          
 ६  1110110w               14    8     28   27         
                                                  
                                                                  
OUT = 뢮 :                                                    
            Ŀ                             
 ஢- 1110011w    16    11    31   29         
     ٳ                             
            Ŀ                                          
 ६  1110111w               16    10    30   29         
                                                  
                                                                  
INS =  /   DX                                
            Ŀ                                          
             0110110w               17    10    32   30         
                                                      
                                                                  
OUTS = 뢮 /   DX                                
            Ŀ                                          
             0110111w               17    10    32   30     1   
                                                      
                                                                  
REP INS =  ப                                             
            Ŀ                             
             11110010   0110110w  16+8c10+8c 30+8c 29+8c   2   
            ٳ                             
                                                                  
REP OUTS = 뢮 ப                                           
            Ŀ                             
             11100010   0110111w  17+5c11+5c 31+5c 30+5c   3   
            ٳ                             


:
1.       ,   ⠪.
2. c = 稪  CX  ECX.
3.   ०     :  2 ⠪   16 .  ⥫쭮 ६ ⢨⥫쭮  ன 樨.
 10.2 ६ 믮  ⢥ 䬥⨪ ய i486(TM)
Ŀ
                                                    ࠫ.   
                                          .  .
                                           ĴĴ   
                                           ।      ।    
                                            (. -      (.-    
                                             .)      .)    
Ĵ
                                                     
                                                                   
FLD = 㧪 ⢥  ST(0)                               
        Ŀ                        
32  11011 001mod 000 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   3      2             
  ٳ                        
        Ŀ                        
64  11011 101mod 000 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   3      3             
  ٳ                        
        Ŀ                        
 80  11011 011mod 101 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   6      4             
  ٳ                        
        Ŀ                                    
 ST(i)  11011 00111000 ST(i)               4                    
                                            
                                                                   
FILD = 㧪 楫  ST(0)                                     
        Ŀ                        
 16  11011 111mod 000 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  14,5    2      4      
  ٳ (13-16)                
        Ŀ                        
32  11011 011mod 000 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  11,5    2   4(2-4)    
  ٳ (9 -12)                
        Ŀ                        
64  11011 111mod 101 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  16,8    3  7,8(2-8)   
  ٳ (10-18)                
                                                                   
FBLD = 㧪 BCD  ST(0)                                        
        Ŀ                        
        11011 111mod 100 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   75     4  7,7(2-8)   
        ٳ(70-103)                
                                                                   
FST = ࠭ ⢥  ST(0)                            
        Ŀ                        
32  11011 001mod 010 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   7                  1 
  ٳ                        
        Ŀ                        
64  11011 101mod 010 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   8                  2 
  ٳ                        
        Ŀ                                    
 ST(i)  11011 10111010 ST(i)               3                    
                                            
                                                                   
FSTP = ࠭ ⢥  ST(0)                           
        祭  ⥪                                       
        Ŀ                        
32  11011 011mod 011 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   7                  1 
  ٳ                        
        Ŀ                        
64  11011 101mod 011 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   8                  2 
  ٳ                        
        Ŀ                        
 80  11011 011mod 111 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   6                    
  ٳ                        
        Ŀ                                    
 ST(i)  11011 10111001 ST(i)               3                    
                                            
                                                                   
FIST = ࠭ 楫  ST(0)                                 
        Ŀ                        
 16  11011 111mod 010 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  33,4                  
  ٳ (29-34)                
        Ŀ                        
32  11011 011mod 010 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  32,4                  
  ٳ (28-34)                
                                                                   
FISTP = ࠭ 楫  ST(0)                                 
           ⥪                                         
        Ŀ                        
 16  11011 111mod 011 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  33,4                  
  ٳ (29-34)                
        Ŀ                        
32  11011 011mod 011 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  33,4                  
  ٳ (29-34)                
        Ŀ                        
64  11011 111mod 111 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  33,4                  
  ٳ (29-34)                
                                                                   
FBSTP = ࠭ BCD  ST(0)                                    
         祭  ⥪                                      
        Ŀ                        
        11011 111mod 110 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   175                  
        ٳ(172-176)               
                                                                   
FXCH =  ᮤন  ST(i)  ST(0)                        
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 00111001 ST(i)               4                    
                                            
                                                                   
                                                   
                                                                   
FCOM = ࠢ ST(0)  ⢥                              
        Ŀ                        
32  11011 000mod 010 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   4      2      1      
  ٳ                        
        Ŀ                        
64  11011 100mod 010 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   4      3      1      
  ٳ                        
        Ŀ                                    
 ST(i)  11011 00011010 ST(i)               4             1      
                                            
                                                                   
FCOMP = ࠢ ST(0)  ⢥                             
         祭  ⥪                                      
        Ŀ                        
32  11011 000mod 011 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   4      2      1      
  ٳ                        
        Ŀ                        
64  11011 100mod 011 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   4      3      1      
  ٳ                        
        Ŀ                                    
 ST(i)  11011 00011011 ST(i)               4             1      
                                            
                                                                   
FCOMPP = ࠢ ST(0)  ST(i)                                   
          祭  ⥪                               
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 110 1101 1001                5             1      
                                            
FICOM = ࠢ ST(0)  楫                                    
        Ŀ                        
 16  11011 110mod 010 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   18      2     1      
  ٳ (16-20)                
        Ŀ                        
32  11011 010mod 010 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  16,5    2      1      
  ٳ (15-17)                
                                                                   
FICOMP = ࠢ ST(0)  楫                                   
          祭  ⥪                                     
        Ŀ                        
 16  11011 110mod 011 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   18      2     1      
  ٳ (16-20)                
        Ŀ                        
32  11011 010mod 011 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  16,5    2      1      
  ٳ (15-17)                
                                                                   
FTST = ࠢ ST(0)  0,0                                       
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 001 1110 0100                4             1      
                                            
FUCOM = 㯮冷祭 ࠢ ST(0)                            
        ST(i)                                                      
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 10111100 ST(i)               4             1      
                                            
FUCOMP = 㯮冷祭 ࠢ ST(0)                           
         ST(i)  祭  ⥪                               
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 10111101 ST(i)               4             1      
                                            
FUCOMPP = 㯮冷祭 ࠢ ST(0)                          
          ST(i)  祭  ⥪                              
                                                             
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 10111101 1001                5             1      
                                            
FXAM = ஢ ST(0)                                        
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011110  0101                8                    
                                            
                                                                   
                                                          
                                                                   
FLDZ = 㧪 0,0  ST(0)                                        
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011110  1110                4                    
                                            
FLD1 = 㧪 1,0  ST(0)                                        
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011110  1000                4                    
                                            
FLDPI = 㧪 ᫨   ST(0)                                  
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011110  1011                8             2      
                                            
FLDL2T = 㧪 log (10)   ST(0)                                
                     2                                             
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011110  1001                8             2      
                                            
FLDL2E = 㧪 log (e)  ST(0)                                  
                     2                                             
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011110  1010                8             2      
                                            
FLDLG2 = 㧪 log (2)  ST(0)                                  
                     10                                            
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011110  1100                8             2      
                                            
FLDLN2 = 㧪 log (2)  ST(0)                                  
                     e                                             
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011110  1101                8             2      
                                            
                                                                   
                                                         
                                                                   
FADD =  ⢥  ST(0)                              
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) + 11011 000mod 000 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.10(8-20)  2  7(5-17)    
32..ٳ                        
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) + 11011 100mod 000 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.10(8-20)  3  7(5-17)    
64..ٳ                        
ST(d) <-Ŀ                                    
ST(0) + 11011 d0011000 ST(i)            10(8-20)     7(5-17)    
 ST(i)                                      
                                                                   
FADDP =  ⢥  ST(0)                             
         祭  ⥪                                      
        ( ST(i) <- ST(0) + ST(i) )                                 
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 11011000 ST(i)            10(8-20)     7(5-17)    
                                            
FSUB = ⠭  ST(0)                                          
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) - 11011 000mod 100 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.10(8-20)  2  7(5-17)    
32..ٳ                        
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) - 11011 100mod 100 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.10(8-20)  3  7(5-17)    
64..ٳ                        
ST(d) <-Ŀ                                    
ST(0) - 11011 d0011101 ST(i)            10(8-20)     7(5-17)    
 ST(i)                                      
                                                                   
FSUBP = ⠭  ST(0)                                         
         祭  ⥪                                      
        ( ST(i) <- ST(0) - ST(i) )                                 
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 11011101 ST(i)            10(8-20)     7(5-17)    
                                            
FSUBR = ⭮ ⠭ ⢥                           
        (⠭ ST(0)  ⢥)                         
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
32..11011 000mod 101 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.10(8-20)  2  7(5-17)    
 -ST(0) ٳ                        
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
64..11011 100mod 101 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.10(8-20)  3  7(5-17)    
 -ST(0) ٳ                        
ST(d) <-Ŀ                                    
 ST(i)- 11011 d0011100 ST(i)            10(8-20)     7(5-17)    
 ST(0)                                      
                                                                   
FSUBRP = ⭮ ⠭ ⢥                          
          祭  ⥪                                     
         ( ST(i) <- ST(i) - ST(0) )                                
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 11011100 ST(i)            10(8-20)     7(5-17)    
                                            
FMUL =  ⢥  ST(0)                            
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) * 11011 000mod 001 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   11     2     8       
32..ٳ                        
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) * 11011 100mod 001 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   14     3    11       
64..ٳ                        
ST(d) <-Ŀ                                    
ST(0) * 11011 d0011001 ST(i)               16          13       
 ST(i)                                      
                                                                   
FMULP =  ST(0)  ST(i)                                   
         祭  ⥪                                      
        ( ST(i) <- ST(0) * ST(i) )                                 
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 11011001 ST(i)               16          13       
                                            
FDIV =  ST(0)  ⢥                               
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) / 11011 000mod 110 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   73     2    70     3 
32..ٳ                        
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) / 11011 100mod 100 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   73     3    70     3 
64..ٳ                        
ST(d) <-Ŀ                                    
ST(0) / 11011 d0011111 ST(i)               73          70     3 
 ST(i)                                      
                                                                   
FDIVP =  ST(0)  ST(i)                                     
         祭  ⥪                                      
        ( ST(i) <- ST(0) / ST(i) )                                 
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 11011111 ST(i)               73          70     3 
                                            
FDIVR = ⭮  ⢥                             
        ( ⢥/ST(0) )                                     
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
32..11011 000mod 111 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   73     2    70     3 
 /ST(0) ٳ                        
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
64..11011 100mod 111 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.   73     3    70     3 
 /ST(0) ٳ                        
ST(d) <-Ŀ                                    
 ST(i)/ 11011 d0011110 ST(i)               73          70     3 
 ST(0)                                      
                                                                   
FDIVRP = ⭮  ⢥                            
         祭  ⥪                                      
        ( ST(i) <- ST(i) / ST(0) )                                 
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 11011110 ST(i)               73          70     3 
                                            
FIADD =  楫  ST(0)                                    
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) + 11011 110mod 000 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.24(20-35) 2  7(15-17)   
16..ٳ                        
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) + 11011 010mod 000 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  22,5    2  7(15-17)   
32..ٳ (19-32)                
                                                                   
FISUB = ⠭ 楫  ST(0)                                  
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) - 11011 110mod 100 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.24(20-35) 2  7(15-17)   
16..ٳ                        
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) - 11011 010mod 100 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  22,5    2  7(15-17)   
32..ٳ (19-32)                
                                                                   
FISUBR = ⭮ ⠭ 楫                                 
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
16..11011 110mod 101 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.24(20-35) 2  7(15-17)   
 -ST(0) ٳ                        
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
32..11011 010mod 101 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  22,5    2  7(15-17)   
 -ST(0) ٳ (19-32)                
                                                                   
FIMUL =  楫  ST(0)                                  
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) * 11011 110mod 001 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.25(23-27) 2     8       
16..ٳ                        
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) * 11011 010mod 001 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  23,5    2     8       
32..ٳ (22-24)                
                                                                   
FIDIV =  楫                                             
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) / 11011 110mod 110 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.87(85-89) 2     70    3 
16..ٳ                        
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
ST(0) / 11011 010mod 110 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  85,5    2     70    3 
32..ٳ (84-86)                
                                                                   
FIDIVR = ⭮  楫                                   
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
16..11011 110mod 111 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.87(85-89) 2     70    3 
 /ST(0) ٳ                        
ST(0) <-Ŀ                        
32..11011 010mod 111 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.  85,5    2     70    3 
 /ST(0) ٳ (84-86)                
                                                                   
FSQRT = 祭 ⭮                                
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  1010               85,5          70      
                     (83-87)                
FSCALE = ⠡஢ ST(0)  ST(i)                            
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  1101             31(30-32)        2      
                                            
FXTRACT = 뤥 ⮢  ST(0)                            
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  0100             19(16-20)     4(2-4)    
                                            
FPREM =  ⮪                                          
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  1000                84         2(2-8)    
                    (70-138)                
FPREM1 =  ⮪ (IEEE)                                  
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  0101               94,5          5,5     
                    (72-167)      (2-16)    
FRNDINT = 㣫 ST(0)  楫                               
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  1100               29,1          7,4     
                     (21-30)       (2-8)    
FABS = ᮫⭮ 祭 ST(0)                                   
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011110  0001                 3                   
                                            
FCHS =   ST(0)                                       
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011110  0000                 6                   
                                            
                                                                   
                                                    
                                                                   
FCOS = ᨭ ST(0)                                               
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  1111                241          2    6,7
                    (193-279)               
FPTAN =  ⠭ ST(0)                                    
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  0010                244          70   6,7
                    (200-273)               
FPATAN =  ⠭ ST(0)                                
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  0011                289       5(2-17)  6 
                    (218-303)               
FSIN =  ST(0)                                                 
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  1110                241          2    6,7
                    (193-279)               
FSINCOS =   ᨭ ST(0)                                    
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  1011                291          2    6,7
                    (243-329)               
          ST(0)                                                    
F2XM1 = 2       - 1                                                
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  0000                242          2     6 
                    (140-279)               
FYL2X = ST(1) * log ( ST(0) )                                      
                   2                                               
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  0001                311          13    6 
                    (196-329)               
FYL2XP1 = ST(1) * log ( ST(0) + 1,0 )                              
                     2                                             
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  1001                313          13    6 
                    (171-326)               
                                                                   
                                              
                                                                   
FINIT = 樠஢                                          
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0111110  0011                 17                4 
                                            
FSTSWAX = ࠭ ᫮ ﭨ  AX                          
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 1111110  0000                 3                 5 
                                            
FSTSW = ࠭ ᫮ ﭨ  ⨳                        
        Ŀ                        
        11011 101mod 111 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.    3                 5 
        ٳ                        
FLDCW = 㧪 ᫮ ࠢ                                  
        Ŀ                        
        11011 101mod 101 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.    4     2             
        ٳ                        
FSTCW = ࠭ ᫮ ࠢ                                
        Ŀ                        
        11011 001mod 111 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.    3                 5 
        ٳ                        
FCLEX =  ᪫祭                                           
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0111110  0010                 7                 4 
                                            
FSTENV = ࠭ ।                                          
        Ŀ                        
        11011 001mod 110 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.                        
        ٳ                        
  㠫 ०, 16-ࠧ. .   67                 4 
  㠫 ०, 32-ࠧ. .   67                 4 
饭 ०, 16-ࠧ來           56                 4 
饭 ०, 32-ࠧ來           56                 4 
                                                                   
FLDENV = 㧪 ।                                            
        Ŀ                        
        11011 001mod 100 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.                        
        ٳ                        
  㠫 ०, 16-ࠧ. .   44     2             
  㠫 ०, 32-ࠧ. .   44     2             
饭 ०, 16-ࠧ來           34     2             
饭 ०, 32-ࠧ來           34     2             
                                                                   
FSAVE = ࠭ ﭨ                                       
        Ŀ                        
        11011 101mod 110 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.                        
        ٳ                        
  㠫 ०, 16-ࠧ. .   154                4 
  㠫 ०, 32-ࠧ. .   154                4 
饭 ०, 16-ࠧ來           143                4 
饭 ०, 32-ࠧ來           143                4 
                                                                   
FRSTOR = ⠭ ﭨ                                  
        Ŀ                        
        11011 101mod 100 r/ms-i-b/ᬥ.                        
        ٳ                        
  㠫 ०, 16-ࠧ. .   131    23            
  㠫 ०, 32-ࠧ. .   131    27            
饭 ०, 16-ࠧ來           120    23            
饭 ०, 32-ࠧ來           120    27            
                                                                   
FINCSTP = ६ 㪠⥫ ⥪                                
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  0111                 3                   
                                            
FDECSTP = ६ 㪠⥫ ⥪                                
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011111  0110                 3                   
                                            
FFREE = ᢮ ST(i)                                         
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 10111000 ST(i)                3                   
                                            
FNOP =                                               
        Ŀ                                    
        11011 0011101  0000                 3                   
                                            
WAIT =  ⮢                                         
        Ŀ                                                
        10011011                                                 
                                                        
  (/ᨬ)                          1/3                  


ਬ砭:
1. ᫨ ࠭ ࠢ 0, ᫮ ⠪⮢ = 27.
2. ᫨ ࠭ ࠢ 0, ᫮ ⠪⮢ = 28.
3. ᫨ CW.PC 㪠뢠  24-ࠧ來 筮, 室  38 ⠪⮢. ᫨ CW.PC 㪠뢠  53-ࠧ來 筮, 室  11 ⠪⮢.
4. ᫨   ࠡ⠭ 訡 ᫥,  ।饩   17 ⠪⮢.
5. ᫨   ࠡ⠭ 訡 ᫥,  ।饩   18 ⠪⮢.
6.  ६ 믮   ᪮쪮 ࠧ 訢 뢮 INT  ᯥ祭 ࠡ⪨ 뢠  ⪨ ६ .
7. ᫨ ABS(࠭),  /4,  n ⠪⮢,  n = ( ࠭/ (/4)).
10.2 ஢ 
10.2.1 騩 
  ணࠬ  ⢮ 饣 ଠ , ⮡ࠦ  㭪 10.1.   ᮤন    ᭮   権,  ᮤঠ ⥫  ࠭   "mod r/m"  " ⠡஢",  室 - ᬥ饭   ।⢥ ࠭.
 ᭮   樨  뤥 ⤥ , ᮤন  । ਭ   ⮬   .   ᮤঠ ଠ  ࠢ 樨  ࠧ ᬥ饭,  ॣ஢  㪠  室 ࠭ .
  ,  ᯮ ࠭, ᯮ  , ᮤঠ  ० 樨, ᫥騩  ⮬ (⠬)  樨.   ("mod r/m") 㪠뢠,  ० 樨 ࠭ ᯮ   .  "mod r/m"  ᮤঠ 㪠  ᯮ짮   ᭮ , ᫥饣 ।⢥  . ன  뢠 ⮬ "⠡--"  ᮤন ⥫ ଠ  ० 樨.
  ० 樨 ᯮ ᬥ饭, ᫥饥 ࠧ  ⮬ "mod r/m"  ⮬ ⠡஢ . ᫨ ᬥ饭    ,    ࠧ 8, 16  32 .
᫨  ᯮ ।⢥ ࠭,  頥 ᫥ ⮢ ᬥ饭. ।⢥ ࠭, ᫨  , ᥣ  ᫥   .
 㭪 10.1   ,     , ਬ mod  r/m. ,     ਢ  ⮬ 㭪.    ᯮ 㣨 ,  ।⢥   樨.   10.4 ਢ  ᯨ᮪ , ᯮ㥬  ஢   ய i486.  楩 10.4 ᫥ ⠡, ᮤঠ騥 ஡ ᢥ   .

Ŀ
Ŀ                         
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTmodTTTr/mssindexbase32|16|8| 32|16|8|
                         
 7     0 7     0 7 65 32 0 7 5    2  0                          
     ٳ
   樨                   ᬥ饭    ।-
 (1  2 ) "mod r/m"   "s-i-b"                
(T ।⠢    (4,2,1       
   .)     ॣ             )  (4,2,1 ⠳
                   ⥫ ०                     ) 
                       樨                                


                㭮 10.1. 騩 ଠ 

       10.4.    ய i486
Ŀ
    ᠭ                               ᫮ ⮢ 
Ĵ
 w         뢠 ࠧ :             1      
            ࠧ (  ࠧ -                 
           16  32  )                                   
 d         뢠 ࠢ 樨              1      
           ࠡ⪨                                    
 s         뢠  室                  1      
           ࠭   ।-              
            ࠭                                   
 reg       ⥫ ॣ 饣 祭        3      
 mod r/m   ⥫ ० 樨             2  mod;  
           (䥪⨢             3  r/m   
            ॣ஬ 饣 祭)                      
                                                              
 ss        樥 ⠡஢              2      
           ० 樨  ⠡஢                
           ᮬ                                           
 index      饣 祭 ᯮ      3      
             ॣ                              
 base       饣 祭 ᯮ      3      
             ॣ                                
 sreg2     ⥫ ᥣ⭮ ॣ           2      
           CS, SS, DS, ES                                     
 sreg3     ⥫ ᥣ⭮ ॣ           3      
           CS, SS, DS, ES, FS  GS                            
 tttn       ᫮ , 뢠              4      
           ⢥ত ᫮  栭                  
           ᫮                                            


ਬ砭:
 10.1 - 10.3 ᮤঠ ଠ  .
10.2.2 32-ࠧ來 ७  .
  ஢ 8086/80186/80286 ७  ய i486   ⮣ ࠢ:  32-ࠧ來   16-ࠧ來   প ࠡ  32-ࠧ來묨 ⨯   ᮧ  ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 ० 樨   ,    .  ⮣쭮 ७    ᯥ稢 稥  砭 (D)  ਯ ᥣ    ᯮ짮 2 䨪ᮢ   .
ᯮ짮  㬮砭 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來    ⠭  D  ਯ ᥣ ,  ।  (32  16 ࠧ冷)   ࠭  䥪⨢ , ਭ  㬮砭  믮   ᥣ.  ࠡ ய i486  ० ॠ ᮢ   ० 㠫쭮 8086, ਯ ᥣ   ᯮ,  ।,   D ⠭  0   (  ᯮ짮  㬮砭 16-ࠧ來 ࠧ஢, ᮢ⨬  ࠬ 8086/80186/80286 ).
  䨪 - 䨪 ࠧ ࠭  䨪 ࠧ 䥪⨢ ,  ८।  ⭮  ਭ  㬮砭 ࠧ ࠭  䥪⨢ .  䨪  ।⢮ ⠬  樨  뢠 ﭨ ⮫쪮  ,  ன  ᯮ.  饭 ।  樨   㪠 䨪ᮢ   ६.  䨪 ࠧ ࠭  䨪 ࠧ 䥪⨢  ।  ᯥ ᯮ짮 ࠧ஢ ࠭  䥪⨢ , "⨢" ਭ  㬮砭. ਬ, ᫨  㬮砭 ⠭ ࠧ   32 ࠧ鸞,   । 䨪 ࠧ ࠭,   㤥 ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 . ᫨  ਬ, ࠧ 䥪⨢  ਭ  㬮砭 ࠢ 16 ⠬,  ।  ᯮ짮 䨪 ࠧ 䥪⨢ ,   ᫨ 32-ࠧ來 䥪⨢ .
ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 ७    ० ய i486,  ० ॠ ᮢ  ० 㠫쭮 8086.   ० ᥣ ਭ  㬮砭 ࠧ, ࠢ 16 ⠬  ਬ 䨪ᮢ 室  ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 ᮢ  ࠭.  , ᯮ   䨪, 冷 䨪ᮢ   祭.
᫨ ८। ࠧ஢  ᯮ,   8-ࠧ來묨  16-ࠧ來묨 ࠭  뢠 ﭨ  ᮤন  ⮢ ७ ॣ஢.
10.2.3 ஢  楫᫥ 
    , ।騥 롮 ॣ஢, ० 樨  .. 筮 祭   ।  ᫥  ⠡.
10.2.3.1 ஢   ࠭ (w)
  ࠡ⪨  ॠ 32-ࠧ來  16 -ࠧ來 .    ᮤঠ  w, ஥ । ᯮ㥬 ࠧ ࠭:    ࠧ ࠭ (  ࠧ ࠭ ।  㬮砭    䨪 ). ᫥ ࠧ ࠭  ᨬ   w ਢ  ᫥饩 ⠡:

Ŀ
   w   ࠭         ࠭     
          16-ࠧ來 権     32-ࠧ來 権  
 Ĵ
    0           8 ⮢                    8 ⮢         
    1          16 ⮢                   32 ⮢         
 

10.2.3.2 ஢  ॣ 饣 祭 (reg)
 饣 祭 㪠뢠   reg, ஥  ।⢮  樨,  ᮮ⢥⢮  reg  "mod r/m",  ᮮ⢥⢮  r/m  "mod r/m".
஢  reg,   w    

Ŀ
        롮 ॣ         롮 ॣ    
   reg    16-ࠧ來 権     32-ࠧ來 権  
 Ĵ
   000             AX                       EAX            
   001             CX                       ECX            
   010             DX                       EDX            
   011             BX                       EBX            
   100             SP                       ESP            
   101             BP                       EBP            
   110             SI                       ESI            
   111             DI                       EDI            
 

஢  reg,   w   

 Ŀ
 롮 ॣ    reg  16-ࠧ來 権
 Ĵ
                          㭪  w                    
   reg   Ĵ
              (  w = 0 )          (  w = 1 )     
 Ĵ
   000             AL                       AX             
   001             CL                       CX             
   010             DL                       DX             
   011             BL                       BX             
   100             AH                       SP             
   101             CH                       BP             
   110             DH                       SI             
   111             BH                       DI             
 
 Ŀ
 롮 ॣ    reg  32-ࠧ來 権
 Ĵ
                          㭪  w                    
   reg   Ĵ
              (  w = 0 )          (  w = 1 )     
 Ĵ
   000             AL                       EAX            
   001             CL                       ECX            
   010             DL                       EDX            
   011             BL                       EBX            
   100             AH                       ESP            
   101             CH                       EBP            
   110             DH                       ESI            
   111             BH                       EDI            
 

10.2.3.3 ஢  ᥣ⭮ ॣ ( sreg )
 ,  室 㪠    ᥣ ॣ஢  80286, ᯮ 2-⭮  sreg.  㣨      3 :   ᯮ짮   ⥫ ᥣ ॣ  i486 - FS  GS.
2-ࠧ來  sreg2

    Ŀ
           2-ࠧ來           롮 ᥣ⭮    
             sreg2               ॣ         
    Ĵ
              00                        ES            
              01                        CS            
              10                        SS            
              11                        DS            
    

                     3-ࠧ來  sreg3

    Ŀ
           3-ࠧ來           롮 ᥣ⭮    
             sreg3               ॣ         
    Ĵ
             000                        ES            
             001                        CS            
             010                        SS            
             011                        DS            
             100                        FS            
             101                        GS            
             110                  ᯮ      
             111                  ᯮ      
    

10.2.3.4 ஢ ० 樨
 ᪫祭 ᯥ樠 , ⠪  PUSH  POP,   ० 樨 । ࠭, ० 樨  ⥪饩  뢠   樨.   ᫥  ᭮  樨.  ᯮ짮  ⮢ 樨: "mod r/m" ( )  "s-i-b" (ன , "--")
 "s-i-b"   , ᫨ ᯮ ० 32- ࠧ來 樨   "mod r/m" ᮤন  r/m = 100  mod = 00, 01  10. ᫨  "⠡஢--"   , 32-ࠧ來 ० 樨  㭪   mod, ss, index  base.
  樨 (  "mod r/m" ) ᮤন ⠪   (  㭪 10.1  祭 TTT ),   ᯮ  ७ ᭮  樨.  㣨 ,     ᯮ짮  ⢥  reg.
 ᫥ 䥪⨢  ᯮ 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 ଠ.  ᫥ 16-ࠧ來 䥪⨢  ᯮ 16-ࠧ來 ,   32-ࠧ來 - 32-ࠧ來 .  ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 樨  "mod r/m"   ⥫ 16-ࠧ來 ० 樨,   ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 樨  "mod r/m"   ⥫ 32-ࠧ來 ० 樨.
騥  ⠡ ᮤঠ ।   ᯮᮡ ஢   16-  32-ࠧ來 ० 樨.
஢ 16-ࠧ來 ० 樨   "mod r/m"

     Ŀ
          mod r/m              䥪⨢        
     Ĵ
          00 000               DS:[BX + SI]            
          00 001               DS:[BX + DI]            
          00 010               SS:[BP + SI]            
          00 011               SS:[BP + DI]            
          00 100               DS:[SI]                 
          00 101               DS:[DI]                 
          00 110               DS:d16                  
          00 111               DS:[BX]                 
                                                       
          01 000               DS:[BX + SI + d8]       
          01 001               DS:[BX + DI + d8]       
          01 010               SS:[BP + SI + d8]       
          01 011               SS:[BP + DI + d8]       
          01 100               DS:[SI + d8]            
          01 101               DS:[DI + d8]            
          01 110               SS:[BP + d8]            
          01 111               DS:[BX + d8]            
     
     Ŀ
          mod r/m              䥪⨢        
     Ĵ
          10 000               DS:[BX + SI + d16]      
          10 001               DS:[BX + DI + d16]      
          10 010               SS:[BP + SI + d16]      
          10 011               SS:[BP + DI + d16]      
          10 100               DS:[SI + d16]           
          10 101               DS:[DI + d16]           
          10 110               SS:[BP + d16]           
          10 111               DS:[BX + d16]           
                                                       
          11 000               ॣ: .        
          11 001               ॣ: .        
          11 010               ॣ: .        
          11 011               ॣ: .        
          11 100               ॣ: .        
          11 101               ॣ: .        
          11 110               ॣ: .        
          11 111               ॣ: .        
     
     Ŀ
              롮 ॣ    r/m        
                    16-ࠧ來 権            
     Ĵ
                            㭪樨  w             
      mod r/m Ĵ
                (  w = 0 )      (  w = 1 )  
     Ĵ
      11 000          AL                  AX          
      11 001          CL                  CX          
      11 010          DL                  DX          
      11 011          BL                  BX          
      11 100          AH                  SP          
      11 101          CH                  BP          
      11 110          DH                  SI          
      11 111          BH                  DI          
     
     Ŀ
              롮 ॣ    r/m        
                    32-ࠧ來 権            
     Ĵ
                            㭪樨  w             
      mod r/m Ĵ
                (  w = 0 )      (  w = 1 )  
     Ĵ
      11 000          AL                 EAX          
      11 001          CL                 ECX          
      11 010          DL                 EDX          
      11 011          BL                 EBX          
      11 100          AH                 ESP          
      11 101          CH                 EBP          
      11 110          DH                 ESI          
      11 111          BH                 EDI          
     

஢ 32-ࠧ來 ० 樨   "mod r/m"

     Ŀ
          mod r/m              䥪⨢        
     Ĵ
          00 000               DS:[EAX]                
          00 001               DS:[ECX]                
          00 010               SS:[EDX]                
          00 011               SS:[EBX]                
          00 100                s-i-b      
          00 101               DS:d32                  
          00 110               DS:[ESI]                
          00 111               DS:[EDI]                
                                                       
          01 000               DS:[EAX + d8]           
          01 001               DS:[ECX + d8]           
          01 010               SS:[EDX + d8]           
          01 011               SS:[EBX + d8]           
          01 100                s-i-b      
          01 101               SS:[EBP + d8]           
          01 110               DS:[ESI + d8]           
          01 111               DS:[EDI + d8]           
     
     Ŀ
          mod r/m              䥪⨢        
     Ĵ
          10 000               DS:[EAX + d32]          
          10 001               DS:[ECX + d32]          
          10 010               SS:[EDX + d32]          
          10 011               SS:[EBX + d32]          
          10 100                s-i-b      
          10 101               SS:[EBP + d32]          
          10 110               DS:[ESI + d32]          
          10 111               DS:[EDI + d32]          
                                                       
          11 000               ॣ: .        
          11 001               ॣ: .        
          11 010               ॣ: .        
          11 011               ॣ: .        
          11 100               ॣ: .        
          11 101               ॣ: .        
          11 110               ॣ: .        
          11 111               ॣ: .        
     
     Ŀ
              롮 ॣ    r/m        
                    16-ࠧ來 権            
     Ĵ
                            㭪樨  w             
      mod r/m Ĵ
                (  w = 0 )      (  w = 1 )  
     Ĵ
      11 000          AL                  AX          
      11 001          CL                  CX          
      11 010          DL                  DX          
      11 011          BL                  BX          
      11 100          AH                  SP          
      11 101          CH                  BP          
      11 110          DH                  SI          
      11 111          BH                  DI          
     
     Ŀ
              롮 ॣ    r/m        
                    32-ࠧ來 権            
     Ĵ
                            㭪樨  w             
      mod r/m Ĵ
                (  w = 0 )      (  w = 1 )  
     Ĵ
      11 000          AL                 EAX          
      11 001          CL                 ECX          
      11 010          DL                 EDX          
      11 011          BL                 EBX          
      11 100          AH                 ESP          
      11 101          CH                 EBP          
      11 110          DH                 ESI          
      11 111          BH                 EDI          
     

஢ 32-ࠧ來 ० 樨 (  稨  "mod r/m"   "s-i-b" )

     Ŀ
      mod r/m                      䥪⨢    
     Ĵ
      00 000   DS:[EAX + (⠡஢ )]    
      00 001   DS:[ECX + (⠡஢ )]    
      00 010   DS:[EDX + (⠡஢ )]    
      00 011   DS:[EBX + (⠡஢ )]    
      00 100   SS:[ESP + (⠡஢ )]    
      00 101   DS:[d32 + (⠡஢ )]    
      00 110   DS:[ESI + (⠡஢ )]    
      00 111   DS:[EDI + (⠡஢ )]    
                                                       
      01 000   DS:[EAX+(⠡஢ )+d8]   
      01 001   DS:[ECX+(⠡஢ )+d8]   
      01 010   DS:[EDX+(⠡஢ )+d8]   
      01 011   DS:[EBX+(⠡஢ )+d8]   
      01 100   SS:[ESP+(⠡஢ )+d8]   
      01 101   SS:[EBP+(⠡஢ )+d8]   
      01 110   DS:[ESI+(⠡஢ )+d8]   
      01 111   DS:[EDI+(⠡஢ )+d8]   
                                                       
      10 000   DS:[EAX+(⠡஢ )+d32]  
      10 001   DS:[ECX+(⠡஢ )+d32]  
      10 010   DS:[EDX+(⠡஢ )+d32]  
      10 011   DS:[EBX+(⠡஢ )+d32]  
      10 100   SS:[ESP+(⠡஢ )+d32]  
      10 101   SS:[EBP+(⠡஢ )+d32]  
      10 110   DS:[ESI+(⠡஢ )+d32]  
      10 111   DS:[EDI+(⠡஢ )+d32]  
     

ਬ砭:  mod ᯮ   "mod r/m",  ss, index, base   "s-i-b".

     Ŀ
            ss           樥 ⠡஢   
     Ĵ
            00                        *1               
            01                        *2               
            10                        *4               
            11                        *8               
     
     Ŀ
           index                ॣ       
     Ĵ
            000                       EAX              
            001                       ECX              
            010                       EDX              
            011                       EBX              
            100                  ॣ      
                                 ᯮ **     
            101                       EBP              
            110                       ESI              
            111                       EDI              
     

**  :   index ᮤন 100, 㪠뢠饥,   ॣ  ᯮ,  ss  ᮤঠ 00.  ⨢ 砥 䥪⨢   ।.
10.2.3.5 ஢  ࠢ 権 (d)
 ,  ᯮ  ࠭, ᮤঠ  d  㪠,   ࠭  筨,   ਥ.

     Ŀ
      d             ࠢ 権               
     Ĵ
      0  /  <--                    
          "reg" 㪠뢠 ࠭-筨         
         "mod r/m"  "mod ss index base" 㪠뢠   
         ࠭-ਥ                              
     Ĵ
      1   <-- /                    
          "reg" 㪠뢠 ࠭-ਥ         
         "mod r/m"  "mod ss index base" 㪠뢠   
         ࠭-筨                              
     

10.2.3.6 ஢  ࠭  (s)
 s      ।⢥ ࠭.  믮    뢠 ﭨ ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥,  ࠧ ।⢥ ࠭ ࠢ 8 ⠬   室   16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 ਥ.

     Ŀ
         ﭨ                        ﭨ    
      s  8-ࠧ來              16/32-ࠧ.
                                                
     Ĵ
      0   뢠                    뢠  
                                                      
      1  ࠭         뢠  
         ᥭ 8-ࠧ.                     
         16/32-ࠧ. ਥ                         
     

10.2.3.7 ஢  ᫮ ஢ન (tttn)
 ᫮  (᫮ 室  ⠭  ᫮),  tttn ᯮ  ஢ ᫮ ᫥騬 ࠧ:  ttt  ᫮,   n ਧ,  ᮮ⢥⢨   ᯮ ᠬ ᫮ (n=0)   栭 (n=1).

     Ŀ
                 ᫮               tttn 
     Ĵ
       O        ९                     0000 
       NO        ९                 0001 
       B/NAE    /    ࠢ          0010 
       NB/AE     /  ࠢ           0011 
       E/Z      /                       0100 
       NE/NZ     ࠢ/                  0101 
       BE/NA      ࠢ/            0110 
       NBE/A        ࠢ/          0111 
       S                                     1000 
       NS       ⢨                  1001 
       P/PE     ⭮                         1010 
       NP/PO    ⢨ ⭮/⭮   1011 
       L/NGE    /    ࠢ      1100 
       NL/GE     /  ࠢ       1101 
       LE/NG      ࠢ/        1110 
       NLE/G        ࠢ/      1111 
     

10.2.3.8 ஢  ॣ஢ ࠢ, ⫠  ஢ (eee)
  ᯮ  ஢ ॣ஢ ࠢ, ⫠  ஢   㧪  ࠭  ॣ஢.

          樨   ॣ ࠢ
           Ŀ
                  eee           ॣ   
           Ĵ
                   000                CR0        
                   010                CR2        
                   011                CR3        
           Ĵ
            㣨   ᯮ           
           
           樨   ॣ ⫠
           Ŀ
                  eee           ॣ   
           Ĵ
                   000                DRO        
                   001                DR1        
                   010                DR2        
                   011                DR3        
                   110                DR6        
                   111                DR7        
           Ĵ
            㣨   ᯮ           
           
         樨   ॣ ஢
           Ŀ
                  eee           ॣ   
           Ĵ
                   011                TR3        
                   100                TR4        
                   101                TR5        
                   110                TR6        
                   111                TR7        
           Ĵ
            㣨   ᯮ           
           

10.2.4 ஢    ⢥ ᫥
 ⢥ 䬥⨪ । ᯮ짮    ਢ  ᫥饩 ⠡ .   ,   ࠧ      稭  ⮢, ᮤঠ 11011B.

 Ŀ
                                         易⥫륳
 Ĵ          
                   ன                      
 Ĵ
1 11011   OPA     1     mod   1 OPB  r/m   s-i-b  ᬥ.
 Ĵ
2 11011   MF     OPA    mod    OPB    r/m   s-i-b  ᬥ.
 
3 11011  d  P   OPA   1  1   OPB   ST(i) 
 Ĵ
4 11011  0  0    1    1  1  1     OP     
 Ĵ
5 11011  0  1    1    1  1  1     OP     
 
   15-11  10   9     8     7   6   5   4 3 2 1 0

OP -  樨;  ࠧ   : OPA  OPB.
MF - ଠ ࠭  

     00 - 32-ࠧ來 ⢥
     01 - 32-ࠧ來 楫
     10 - 64-ࠧ來 ⢥
     11 - 16-ࠧ來 楫

P -    ⥪

     0 -    ⥪
     1 -   ⥪ ᫥ 樨

D -  ਥ

     0 - ਥ  ST(0)
     1 - ਥ  ST(i)

R XOR d = 0 - ਥ () 筨
R XOR d = 1 - 筨 () ਥ

ST(i) = i-  ⥪
      000 = 設 ⥪
      001 = ன  ⥪
      ...
      111 = 쬮  ॣ஢ ⥪

mod ( ०)  r/m (⥫ /)  ⠪,  ᮮ⢥騥   楫᫥ 䬥⨪.
 s-i-b (⠡஢ -  - )  ᬥ. (ᬥ饭)  易⥫묨.     ,   mod  r/m.  稥  ⢨     稥  mod  r/m (筮  楫᫥ 䬥⨪).
